The Living World

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 What are the characteristics

of the living things ?

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What is reproduction ? Is reproduction is the

feature of living organisms ? What are the types of reproduction?

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Asexual Reproduction

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 All living organisms grow Living organisms has the ability to reproduce

Living organisms acquire and use energy for metabolism Cellular organization of the body is the defining feature of life forms

Living organisms respond to changes in the environment and adapt to environmental changes. Consciousness is the defining features of life forms

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HSE Zoology Blog

What is Nomenclature ?
Nomenclature is the standardization of naming of living things so that a particular organism is known by the same name all over the world

Classification is also known as taxonomy Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms
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organisms Accurately & uniformly names starfish Prevents misnomers such as & jellyfish that aren't

really fish Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names
Seahorse??

Benefits of Classifying

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Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names

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Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists

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 18th century taxonomist Classified

Carolus Linnaeus
1707 1778

organisms by their structure Developed naming system still used today

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Called the Father of Taxonomy Developed the modern

Carolus Linnaeus

system of naming known as binomial nomenclature Two-word name (Genus & species)
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Binomial nomenclature used Genus species Latin or Greek Italicized in print Capitalize genus, but NOT species Underline when
writing

Standardized Naming
Turdus migratorius

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ICBN (International Code for Botanical Nomenclature)

It is the organization for naming plants.

ICZN (International Code for Zoological Nomenclature)

It is the organization for naming animals.

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 The International Code for

Rules for Naming Organisms

Binomial Nomenclature contains
the rules for naming organisms All names must be approved by International Naming Congresses (International Zoological Congress) This prevents duplicated names

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Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups
BROADEST TAXON Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Most Specific

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King Phillip Came Over For Gooseberry Soup!

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Panthera tigris (Tiger)

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Solanum tuberosum (Potato)

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Mangifera indica (mango)

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Homo sapience (man)

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Canis familiaris (dog)

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Hibiscus rosasinensis (shoe flower)

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Felis domestica (cat)

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 Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a

Classification Groups Taxonamy

category into which related organisms are placed There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species

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TAXONOMICAL AIDS
HERBARIUM

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BOTANICAL GARDENS

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botanical gardens are at Kew (England),

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botanical gardens are at Kew (England),

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Indian Botanical Garden-Howrah

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Palode Tropical Botanical Garden

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MUSEUMS

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ZOOLOGICAL PARKS

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KEY Key is a taxonomical aid used for identification of plants and animals based on their similarities and dissimilarities. The keys are based on the contrasting characters generally in pair called couplet. Each statement in a key is called a lead.

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