Rosemary

Mentha

Mentha

Dried leaves and flowring tops of Mentha piperita family labiatae

Symmetric and rounded base

Serrate margin

Ovate lanceolate lamina

Acute apex

Texture : papery Surface : Glabrous at upper surface Hairy at lower one Odour Aromatic

Opposite decussate

Taste

Aromatic followed by cooling sensation

Rosemary

Dried leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis family labiatae

Lamina base Symmetric and acute Lamina shape Lanceolate, the upper surface is filliped on the lower one Texture : Leathery

Surface : Glabrous at upper surfa Hairy at lower one

Margin : Entire

Odour&Taste

Aromatic

T.S examination of Rosemary

Hybodermal layer

Palisade

V.B

Candelabra tr

Characters 1- open collateral V. B. 2- pericyclic fibers 3- hybodermal layer 4- dorsiventral structure 5- 3 layers of palisade 6- high amount of candelabra hairs at the lower surface

1-surface preparation and powder

Mentha
1-Upper epidermis is the same as the lower in presence of wavy anticlinal wall cells and diacytic st,with lower number of st in upper one 2-presence of trichomes in lower epi only

Rosemary
1-upper epi is polygonal cells with beeded walls without st or trichomes 2-lower epi the same showing diacytic stomata & trichomes.

Mentha

Epidermal cells showing diacytic st and labiaceous trichome

Labiaceous tr

Capitate tr

In both Mentha and Rosemary

Candelabra trichome (only in Rosemary)

Non glandular trichome (only in Mentha)

Trichomes
Labiaceous tr Capitate tr

Non gl tr

Candelabra tr

Mentha

Rosemary

Mentha

Active constituents of Mentha

Volatile oil 50% menthol , 12% menthone and menthyl acetate

Catechol tannin

Chemical test
1-Test for tannin

1Powder + H2O
2-cooling 3-filter FeCl3

filterate

2-Test for the oil

Oil + 5 ml glacial acetic acid containing 0.3 % nitric acid .

Boiling in W. B

Blue color fades to golden yellow

Medicinal value
1) carminative
2) Aromatic stimulant

3) flavoring agent
4)Counter irritant 5)Local antipruritic 6)antiseptic

menthol

7)Tooth paste and Tooth wash

Digitalis leaves it is a dried leaves of Digitalis lanata family Scrophulariacea

A) Macroscpical examination

Decurent base
Linear lanceolate lamina entire margin acuminate apex hairy surface odourless Bitter taste

B) Microscopically examination
Isolated elements

Beeded wall cells

Bicapitate trichome

Anomocytic stomata

Bicapitate trichome

Anomocytic stomata Beeded wall cells

Active constituents
Cardiotonic glycosides Lanatosides A, B, C, D and E

Medicinal value
Cardiotonic , it increases the contractility and improves the tone of the cardiac muscle

Chemical test (Keller-Killiani)

for 2-deoxy sugar

Powder Filter
+ 70% alc

chloroform shaking residue Pipette off

1-water 2- Lead acetate

shaking Filter

evaporate

1-Glacial HAC 5%FeCl3 2-H2SO4

Red layer at the interface due to aglycone while upper layer turns bluish green due to sugar.