USED

FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS. BASED ON FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENT. LIGHT INDUCED FLUORESCENCE (LIF) IS USEFUL FOR THE EARLY CANCER DETECTION IN ORAL CAVITY. PRINCIPLE IS THAT THERE IS ENDOGENOUS TISSUE FLUORESCENCE OF PHOTOSENSITIZER WHICH IS ACCUMULATED IN TUMOR TISSUE. PHOTOSENSITIZER WHICH CAN B USED ARE m-THPC AND DELTA AMINOLEVULINIC ACID

5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID MEDIATED FLUORESCENCE ENDOSCOPIC IMAGING

AUTOFLUORES -CENCE SPECTROSCOPY

PHOTODIAGNOSIS

FLUORESCENCE PHOTOGRAPHY

5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID MEDIATED DIGITIZED FLUORESCENCE ENDOSCOPIC IMAGING

 SOURCE-ALA

is precursor in biosynthesis of heme and it induces the production of endogenous photosesitizer protoporphyrin. MECHANISM-After oral administration of ALA,synthesis of protoporphyrin occurs in dysplastic cells.this will result in fluorescence and can be easily detected.

 HAS

DIGITALIZATION FACILITY. HAS CAPABILITY OF HIGH QUALITY IMAGES . IT CAN MEASURE THE FLUORESCENCE EFFECT OF DISEASED ORAL TISSUE.

USE-non-invasive method,used for detection for alteration in the structural and chemical composition of cells. Also useful for optimal location of biopsy. MECHANISM- Autofluorescence occurs due to endogenous fluorophores.it consists of fluorophores from tissue matrix molecule,intercellular molecules like collagen,elastin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.

PRINCIPLE-Repeated fluorescence photography will show reduction and diminution of positive fluorescence associated with cancer regression and vice versa. Useful as an adjunct aid in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma.

 FLUORESCENCE

IS THE PROPERTY OF CERTAIN DYES WHICH ABSORB RAYS OF ONE PARTICULAR WAVELENTH AND EMIT RAYS WITH A DIFFERENT WAVELENGTH. COMMONLY USED FLUORESCENT DYES ARE-FLUORESCIN ISOTHIOCYANATE AND LISSAMINE RHODAMINE. 2 TYPES-DIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE TEST INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE TEST

 Specific

antibodies tagged with fluorescent dye i.e. labelled antibodies are used for detection of unknown antigen in a specimen. If antigen is present, it reacts with labelled antibodies and fluorescence can be observed under ultraviolet light of fluorescent microscope.

Used for detection of bacteria,viruses or other antigens in blood,csf urine faeces,tissues and other specimens. Sensitive method to diagnose rabies virus antigens in brain smears

DISADVANTAGE-

Separate specific fluorescent labelled antibody has to be prepared against each antigen to be tested.

Employed for detection of antibodies in serum or other body fluids. PRINCIPLE-a known antigen is fixed on slide. The unknown antibody(serum)is applied to the slide. If antibody(globulin)is present in the serum,it attaches to known antigen on the slide. For detection of this antigen-antibody reaction,fluorescin-tagged antibody to human globulin is added. In positive test,fluorescence occurs under ultraviolet light.

single antihuman globulin fluorescent conjugate can be employed for detection of antibody to any antigen

PRESENTED BYANEESH KASHYAP-05

GUIDED BYDR.SARABJEET.