BHEL, Piping Centre - Engineering Department - August 2000

SA335P91
FERRITIC PIPE MATERIAL FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE
APPLICATIONS
CONTAINS 9%Cr AND 1%Mo AS MAJOR CONSTITUENTS
SPECIFIED AS SA335P91 IN ASME

HISTORY YEAR AND MATERIAL

* 1950 21/4Cr-1Mo (A335P22, 10CrMo910)
* 1960 1/2Cr-1/2Mo-1/4V (14MoV63)
* 1970 12Cr-1Mo-1/4V (X20CrMoV12 1)
* 1980 5Cr-1/2Mo (P5) & 9Cr-1Mo (P9)
* 1984 9Cr-1Mo with Vanadium & Niobium (P91)

P91 KEY FACTORS

Steel type
Ferritic (9% chromium, 1% molybdenum), Micro
alloyed with Aluminium and Niobium(Columbium) and
controlled Nitrogen.

Main Applications:
Boiler Super heaters.
Pipe and headers for high temperature use.
Furnace pipes for Petro Chemical Cracking Units.

P91 KEY FACTORS

Standardization:
In US :
ASTM A 213 since 1983 (for Tubes - T91)
ASTM A 335 since 1984 (for Pipes - P91)

In France:
NF A 49-213 since 1989 under the name of
TU Z10CDVNb 09.01
In Germany:
X10CrMoVNb91 under German Standard
DIN 17175/III
5

9Cr-1Mo IN INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

Specification

Country

Description

A335 P91

USA

Seamless Pipes

A387 Gr91

USA

Pressure Vessel plates

A182 F91

USA

Flanges, Forged Fittings

& Valves

A234 WP91

USA

Pipe Fittings

DIN 17175
X10CrMoVNb91

Germany

Seamless Pipes

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
GRADE
SA335P 91

SA335P22

X20Cr Mo V12.1

SA312TP304H

Mn

P
(MAX)

S
(MAX)

0.02

0.01

Si

Cr

Mo

Nb
(Cb)

Al

Ni

0.20

8.00

0.85

0.18 0.06

0.03 0.04 0.40

0.50

9.50

1.05

0.25 0.10

0.07 MAX MAX

0.50

1.90

0.87

MAX

2.60

1.13

0.50

10.00

0.80

0.25

0.30

MAX

12.50

1.20

0.35

0.80

0.08

0.30

0.12

0.60

0.05

0.30

0.15

0.60

0.17

1.00

0.23

MAX

0.04

2.00

0.04

0.03

0.75

18.00

8.00

0.10

MAX

MAX

MAX

MAX

20.00

11.00

0.025 0.025

0.03

0.03

CHEMICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

P91 & X20CrMoV12.1

9% Cr instead of 12% Cr.

0.10% C instead of 0.20 C%
V and Nb instead of V alone
Restriction of analysis range of elements

BASIS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS VALUES

Minimum of:

100% of average stress to produce a

creep rate of 0.01%/1000 hrs.
67% of the average stress to cause
rupture at the end of 100,000 hrs.
80% of the minimum stress to cause
rupture at the end of 100,000 hrs.

250

100,000 hrs (in N/mm

CREEP PROPERTIES: 1% CREEP RATE

200
150
SA335P91

100
50

X20CrMoV121

500

520

540

560

580

600

620

640

X20CrMoV121

190

147

114

85

61

43

30

20

SA335P91

213

177

146

119

97

77

61

TEMPERATURE( OC)
10

CREEP PROPERTIES (AVG. STRESS FOR RUPTURE)

100,000 hrs (in N/sq.mm)

300
250
200
150
SA335P91

100
50

X20CrMoV12.1

0
500

520

540

560

580

600

620

640

X20CrMoV12.1

235

186

147

112

82

59

42

28

SA335P91

253

215

179

145

115

90

68

51

TEMPERATURE(deg.C)

11

ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUES FOR SA335P91

140
120
100
80
60
40
20

620

593

565

537

510

482

455

426

399

370

Allowable Stress (MPa)

160

Temperature (deg.C)
12

ALLOWABLE
2
STRESS(N/mm )

ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUES - COMPARISON

120
100

SA335P91

80

X20CrMoV12.1
1

60

SA335P22

40
20
0

540

545

550

555

560

565

570

97.82 96.09 94.35 92.61 90.87 89.14 86.07

SA335P91
X20CrMoV12.1 94.07 87.99 81.92 76.79 71.67 66.56 61.44
52.68 50.19 47.71 45.23 42.75 40.27 38.22
SA335P22

TEMPERATURE ( O C)
13

ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUES - COMPARISON

Allowable stress (MPa)

250

X20CrMoV12.1

200
150

SA335P91

100
SA335P22
50
0
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650
Temperature (deg.C)

14

COMPARISON OF LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION

(in mm/m) AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURE
TEMP (in OC)

SA335P22

X20CrMoV12.1

SA335P91

21

93

0.82

149

1.52

1.41

1.42

204

2.25

2.05

2.08

260

3.02

2.73

2.79

316

3.83

3.44

3.53

371

4.69

4.13

4.28

427

5.58

4.85

5.08

482

6.51

5.56

5.89

538

7.41

6.3

6.71

593

8.37

7.03

7.51

649

9.25

0.78

8.33

15

MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION

16

O C)

14

SA335P22
SA335P91

12

X 1 /106

(mm/mm/

X20CrMoV12.1
10
8
6
4
2
0
93

149

204

260

316

371

427

TEMPERATURE(

482

538

593

649

O C)

16

COMPARISON OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

40

(W/m-K)

SA335P22
SA33591

30

X20CrMoV12.1

20
10
0

X20CrMoV12.1
SA33591
SA335P22

100

200

300

400

500

600

24.3

24.3

25

25.6

25.6

26.2

27

28

28

29

30

30

36.9

37.21 36.71

35.47 33.76 31.93

TEMPERATURE(deg.C)
17

USE OF P91 IN KHAPERKHEDA, UNITS 3&4

DESCRIPTION

SA335P22

SA335091

MAIN STEAM
STRAIGHTS

ID253.6X47

OD323.9X31

MAIN STEAM
BENDS

ID253.6X52

OD323.9X34

MAIN STEAM
EQ.LINE

OD273X50

OD219.1X25

HP BYPASS
UPSTREAM

OD273X50

OD219.1X25

18

COMPARISON OF PIPE SIZES (500 MW)

Description
Material

Singrauli
SA335P22

Farakka
X20

Simhadri
SA335P91

Main steam
(Double)

ID 345..44
x85.3 min

ID345.44
x42.42 min

OD 406.4
x42.0

Main steam
(Single)

ID467.36
x114.86 min

ID467.4
x56.95 min

OD 564.0
x57.0

ID 248.92
x61.9 min

ID 248.92
x30.91 min

OD 323.9
x35

HPBP
upstream piping

19

RELATIVE THICKNESS - P22 / X20 / P91

ID :: 300 mm
DP :: 250 kg/sq.cm
DT :: 550 deg.C

20

SAVINGS IN WEIGHT AND WALL THICKNESS

P22 / P91
DP = 250 kg/sq.cm
REDUCTION
63%(WEIGHT)
56%(THICKNESS)

REDUCTION
55%(WEIGHT)
49%(THICKNESS)

P22

DT = 550 C
ID = 300 mm

REDUCTION
17%(WEIGHT)
15% (THICKNESS)

X20

P91
21

STARTUP SPEED(degK/min)

THICKNESS AND STARTUP SPEED P22 / P91

14
12

10

P91

8
6

P22

2
0

50
100
150 200
INSIDE PRESSURE (bar)

MATERIAL

MS
TEMP

P22
P91

540deg.C
540deg.C

START UP SPEED
(deg.K/Min)
START
FINISH
1.6
3.1
3.1
11.7

22

BENEFITS OF USING SA335P91

High temperature strength.

Considerable Wall Thickness Reduction
Significant weight savings, particularly in the
case of components
More flexible Piping system.
Lower Support Loads.
Faster Start-up Rate.
Excellent oxidation resistance.

23

SAVINGS IN WEIGHT AND PRICE P22 / P91

WEIGHT(in %)

Price(in %)

Pipes

57

21

Fittings

69

32

Supports

50

50

57

26

Bends

--

36

Shop welds

--

57

Savings, Prefabrication

--

39

Pipes and Supports

--

44

Site Welds

--

50

--

47

57

34

Material

Savings, in material

Prefabrication

Erection

Savings , Erection
SAVINGS TOTAL

24