g transmission of the impulses, neurotransmitt runs in a cycle

Synthesis Storage Release Receptor interaction Inactivation Reuptake Degradation (negative feedback mechanism)

Neural transmission problems if cycle disrupted (e.g., drugs) at any step!

Neurotransmitters must be clear-up from the synapse to ensure that the response to them is short-lived and precise. 3 methods neurotransmitter can be cleared out: 1. Diffusion- neurotransmitter diffuse away from the synaptic cleft. 2. Reuptake by cells- neurotransmitter are actively transported back into the neuron that release them. 3. Degradation by enzyme- inactivated through enzymatic degradation.eg: Acetyl cholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine. Acetylcholine, for example, the neurotransmitter that causes muscle contraction is broken down by an enzyme called acetyl cholinesterase. The presence of this enzyme ensures that when a neuron stimulates a muscle cell, the stimulus only lasts a second which allows the muscle to then relax immediately after it was stimulated. This allows precise, coordinated movements.

DOPAMINE is the master molecule of addiction. AND It is made in the brain and affects primitive parts of the brain

Drugs make their effects known by acting to enhance or interfere with the activity of neurotransmitters and receptors within the synapses of the brain. Some neurotransmitters carry inhibitory messages across the synapses, while others carry excitatory messages. Agonistic drugs enhance the message carried by the neurotransmitters; inhibitory neurotransmitters become more inhibitory, and excitatory neurotransmitters become more excitatory. Antagonistic drugs, on the other hand, interfere with the transmission of neurotransmitter messages; the natural action of neurotransmitters is interfered with so that their effects are lessened or eliminated.

Cocaine blocks the normal absorption of dopamine. As a result, dopamine accumulates in the synapse, where is stimulates the receiver cell.

Amphetamines stimulate excess release of dopamine, overwhelming the processes of reuptake and enzyme breakdown.

Nicotine stimulates the release of dopamine, while another substance in cigarette smoke blocks the action of MAO.

 Drug

enhances amount of dopamine in the synapses Increased dopamine results in increased feelings of pleasure Nervous system responds by reducing the number of dopamine receptor sites Addict must take more drug to produce the same high So while addicts begin by taking drugs to feel high, they end up taking them in order not to feel low.