Why Broadband?

A non-technical perspective...

Driving Factors cause & effect

Bandwidth Requirement

Broadband Connectivity

Connects Everything

Broadband Access Techniques

Cable Modem DSL Fiber 2.5G and 3G Cellular Wireless Wireless Ethernet

Cable Modem
-Data Over Cable
CMTS Cable-modem Termination System Upload : ~ 128Kbps Download : ~ 500 Kbps 2 Mbps Aiming to Enable interactive Applications - videoconferencing, high-end on-line video

Customer Premises
Cable Modem Cable Splitter

Cable Company Fiber Node

Downstream Optical/Electrical Converter Upstream

Cable Company Distribution Hub

TV Video Network
Combiner

Hub

TV Router Shared Coax Cable System Cable Company Fiber Node

Computer

Computer

Cable Modem Termination System

Customer Premises

ISP POP

Customer Premises

Broadband through Cable Modem

Cable Modem
Runs over cable TV wiring Installed by cable company Download speeds of 768K to 3M and higher Upload speeds slower, about 300K Always on Shared bandwidth - the more people on it, the slower it is Unlimited use with Internet access (ISP) included in cost Cost

Cable Modem
Advantages
Usually quite fast Always on Somewhat reliable Broader availability Does not interfere with TV
Disadvantages Shared bandwidth Requires additional hardware (cable box) Works only at the site of installation Upload slower than download No choice in cable company or ISP

DSL
Runs over ordinary telephone wires Digital signals use high frequencies not used by analog phones Installed by local phone company Reliable download speeds of 128K to 7M Always on Cheaper

Types of DSL
Addresses
various network environments and applications trade-offs between reach and bandwidth

Common Elements in DSL

Common Elements in DSL

DSL
Advantages
Always on Reliable Requires no new wiring Does not tie up phone line Fixed IP available Can be used to host a web site Dial-up access when traveling often included

Disadvantages
Can be tough to switch ISPs Requires additional hardware (DSL Router) Can be difficult to get installed Works only at the site of installation Limited availability Fast upload speeds cost more

Digital Subscriber Line

ADSL G.lite (UDSL) SDSL G.shdsl (G.991.2 an ITU-T standard) HDSL (High-bit rate DSL) VDSL (very-high-data rate DSL) RADSL (Rate Adaptive DSL) ISDN DSL (IDSL)

Block Schematic of xDSL

ADSL
Asymmetric DSL Primarily used for residential services - more downloads Download : Up to 8-9Mbps Upload : ~1Mbps

Block Schematic of ADSL

Spectrum of Copper pair used in last mile

0.3125K guardband So 256 X 4 = 1024 255 X .3125 = 79.68 Total =1104 K

DMT
Discrete multitone (DMT) is a method of separating a Digital Subscriber Line signal so that the usable frequency range is separated into 256 frequency bands of 4.3125 KHz each. Within each channel, modulation uses QAM. By varying the number of bits per symbol within a channel, the modem can be rate-adaptive. Both G.DMT and G.lite use DMT

DMT
Other modulation technologies for DSL are carrierless amplitude modulation (CAP) and multiple virtual line (MVL). However, DMT is the most widely used and appears to be becoming the industry standard like ANSI,ETSI

SDSL
Cost-effective solution to small and medium enterprises offering competitive alternative to E1/T1 SHDSL Data rate :192 Kbps to 2.3Mbps which is 30% larger than that of SDSL

VDSL
Can support Asymmetric/Symmetric DSL ADSL mode can upload up to 52 Mbps Suitable for High-speed applications such as real-time video streaming Mostly used in FTTH/B

FIBER
FTTH/B(Fiber-to-the-Home/Building) PON (Passive Optical Network) are used for one-tomany connectivity Passive Optical Networking (PON) PON, also called Fiber to the Home will unleash the potential of optical fiber communications to end users. With WDM hundreds or thousand of channels are possible. Passive optical doesnt require electricity, lowering cost, but limiting its maximum distance

FTTH

FTTH
Downstream : 51 Mbps Upstream : 1.6 Mbps
FTTCab and FTTC coverts signal to provide connectivity thro copper cable to achieve xDSL

FTTCabinet/HFC

The major difference between the FTTC/VDSL and FTTC/HFC architecture VDSL every copper wire (subscriber connection) can carry up to 52 Mbps downstream

With HFC, every channel on the coax cable can carry up to 38 Mbps downstream
All subscribers serviced by an Optical Node share channel capacity

2 and 2.5 Generation Cellular Wireless

2G Data rate: 9.6 Kbps 2.5 G supports - GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) - EDGE (Enhanced Data rate for Global(GSM) Evolution)

Wireless Ethernet
Ethernet 802.11b offers 11 Mbps data rate through DSSS(Direct sequence spread Spectrum ) technique. This is also known as Wi-Fi Radio Transmission is in 2.4 GHz band

Wireless Ethernet
802.11a operates in 5 GHz radio band Data rate up to 54 Mbps using OFDM

802.11g up to 22 Mbps in 2.4 GHz band using OFDM

Wireless Ethernet

Wireless Ethernet

Wireless Ethernet
Advantages
High speed 11M (802.11b) and higher (802.11a & g) Wiring unnecessary Use with any computer Many laptops are wireless-ready

Disadvantages
May require a PC Card Requires extra steps to increase security

Thank You