Major Health Issues and Chronic Disease Management of Adults Across The Life Span

Chapter 30
Major Health Issues and Chronic Disease Management of Adults Across the Life Span
Copyright 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Objectives
Define terms commonly used in the care of adults. 2. Describe historical and current perspectives of adult health and health policy. 3. Discuss sources of population-based public health data and health status indicators about adults to be used to align community resources to support adults with chronic illnesses.
1.
Objectives, Contd
Use appropriate assessment tools and development strategies to care for adults across the life span. 5. Discuss the concepts of self-management and the implementation of the Chronic Care Model to support adults with chronic illness. 6. Explain the dynamic forces that contribute to shared and gender specific diseases, health disparities, cultural diversity, and culturally competent care of adults in their communities.
4.
Copyright 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 3
Objectives, Contd
Appraise the role of cultural, social, and behavioral factors in accessibility, availability, acceptability, and delivery of communitybased models of care for adults. 8. Examine role opportunities for nurses in providing care in the community.
7.
Historical Perspectives
Gender inequalities
Predominantly men working, including in medicine and research Health researchers focused on issues predominantly oriented toward men Early 1900s: Womens health focused on reproduction and womens roles as mothers 1920s: Womens health expanded to address family planning and reproductive health (beginning of birth control movement) 1980s: USPHS Task Force on Womens Health Issues 1990: Society for Womens Research founded
Health Policy and Legislation

Older Americans Act of 1965 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Family Medical Leave Act of 1993 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
Welfare reform
Ethical and Legal Issues, and Legislation for Older Adults

Abuse Neglect Financial exploitation Patient Self-Determination Act of 1991

Advanced medical directives Living will Durable medical power of attorney Do-no-resuscitate (DNR) order
Environmental Impact
Men and women are often exposed to different environmental factors because of upbringing, employment, cultural or tradition variations.
Men and women may respond differently to environmental factors.
CDCs Environmental Hazards and Effects (EHHE) Program
Health Status Indicators
Mortality

Life expectancy Mortality rates Increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and other conditions associated with aging High prevalence of adults with risk factors
Morbidity

Adult Health Concerns

Chronic Disease Cardiovascular Disease Hypertension Stroke Diabetes Cancer STDs/HIV/AIDS Weight Control
10
Chronic Disease
Most common:

Heart disease Diabetes Stroke Cancer Arthritis
Chronic disease is leading cause of preventable deaths, disability, and decreased quality of life Wagners Chronic Care Model (CCM)
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
An estimated 81,100,000 adults have one or more types of CVD. Leading cause of death for African Americans, American Indians or Alaska Natives, Hispanics, and Caucasians in the United States Twenty-three Healthy People 2020 objectives focus on CVD. Gaps in knowledge and awareness for heart disease
Particularly in women
Hypertension (HTN)
One in 3 adults in the United States have HTN. Uncontrolled HTN leads to heart attack, stroke, kidney damage, and a host of other complications.
22.4% of people with HTN are not aware they have it
Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic differences
13
Stroke
Has decreased in the United States since the 1950s
2006: Estimated prevalence was 6,400,000 (down from 7 million in 2002)
Responsible for 1 in 18 deaths Women more likely to die from stroke than men (because they live longer and strokes increase with age) Community-based programs and policy regarding stroke care (AHA)
Diabetes (DM)
23.6 million people with DM
One in 12 to 13 adults has DM
Costs the United States $174 billion each year Many complications associated with DM Eighteen Healthy People 2020 goals related to DM
15
Cancer
Second leading cause of death in the United States Overall costs of cancer in 2008: $228.1 billion Needed to reduce the burden of cancer:

Early screening and detection Promotion of healthy lifestyles Expanding access to services Improving cancer treatments
16
STDs/HIV/AIDS
19 million new STD infections each year

Almost half occur in people 15 to 24 years of age Many cases go undiagnosed African Americans: 51% Caucasians: 29% Hispanics: 18%
In 2007, 42,655 new cases of HIV/AIDS

Healthy People 2020:
Promote responsible sexual behaviors, strengthen community capacity, and increase access to quality services to prevent STDs and their complications
Weight Control
Overweight and Obesity
United States health care cost: $147 billion
BMI 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines Anorexia Bulimia
18
Womens Health Concerns
Reproductive health
Preconceptual counseling
Gestational diabetes Menopause Breast cancer Osteoporosis
19
Mens Health Concerns

Lack of health screenings Dangerous employment Cancers unique to men

Prostate cancer Testicular cancer
Depression Erectile dysfunction
20
Health Disparities

Adults of color Incarcerated adults Lesbian/gay adults Adults with physical and mental disabilities Impoverished and uninsured adults Frail elderly Importance of cultural competency
21
Community-Based Models for Care of Adults

Nursing roles Community care settings

Senior centers Adult day health Home health and hospice Assisted living Long-term care and rehabilitation
22

Major Health Issues and Chronic Disease Management of Adults Across The Life Span

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Major Health Issues and Chronic Disease Management of Adults Across The Life Span

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Chapter 30

Health Policy and Legislation

Ethical and Legal Issues, and Legislation for Older Adults

Abuse Neglect Financial exploitation Patient Self-Determination Act of 1991

Men and women may respond differently to environmental factors.

CDCs Environmental Hazards and Effects (EHHE) Program

Health Status Indicators

Adult Health Concerns

Heart disease Diabetes Stroke Cancer Arthritis

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

22.4% of people with HTN are not aware they have it

Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic differences

Has decreased in the United States since the 1950s

2006: Estimated prevalence was 6,400,000 (down from 7 million in 2002)

23.6 million people with DM

One in 12 to 13 adults has DM

19 million new STD infections each year

In 2007, 42,655 new cases of HIV/AIDS

Healthy People 2020:

Overweight and Obesity

United States health care cost: $147 billion

BMI 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines Anorexia Bulimia

Womens Health Concerns

Gestational diabetes Menopause Breast cancer Osteoporosis

Mens Health Concerns

Lack of health screenings Dangerous employment Cancers unique to men

Prostate cancer Testicular cancer

Depression Erectile dysfunction

Community-Based Models for Care of Adults

Nursing roles Community care settings

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi