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SO motor units are recruited first during incremental exercise, followed by a progressive increase in FOG and FG motor unit recruitment as exercise intensity increases. Both endurance and resistance exercise training have been shown to promote a fast-to-slow shift in skeletal muscle fiber types but does not result in complete transformation of all fast fibers. Training adaptations: increases in muscle size from hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
Oxygen uptake increase in linear fashion during incremental exercise until VO2 max is reached. The physiological factors that influence VO2 max include:
The maximum ability of the cardiorespiratory system to deliver oxygen to the contracting muscle. The muscles ability to take up the oxygen and produce ATP aerobically.
Heart rate Ejection fraction Stroke volume Cardiac output Redistribution of Q in favor of contracting skeletal muscle Vascular resistance Muscle blood flow
Acute cardiovascular adaptations that combine to increase oxygen consumption during exercise
a-vO2
Cardiac Output
Stroke Volume
Heart Rate
Cellular Respiration
Contractility
Sympathetic Stimulation
Venous Return
Muscle Contraction
Plasma volume Red cell mass Total blood volume Systolic and diastolic blood pressire End diastolic dimensions and ventricular volumes Maximal stroke volume Maximal cardiac output
Exercise to VO2max
Ventricular Volume
Chronic adaptations of the CV system after exposure to training for long term endurance. Adaptations are related to their affect during both maximal & submaximal exercise
Heart Rate
Sympathetic Stimulation
Venous Return
Ventricular Volume
Blood Volume
Plasma Volume
The lungs and pulmonary circulation do not express the degree of long-term adaptations to exercise. The improvement are more determined by muscular and cardiovascular function.