SIR GG SCOTT

Seminar – History Of Architecture

 ABOUT

 Sir George Gilbert Scott (1811-1878) was born in Gawcott,

Buckinghamshire.
 Working almost exclusively in the Gothic style, he became one of
the most successful architects of his generation, but his
unshakeable belief in the supremacy of Gothic over the Classical
and Renaissance styles for public and collegiate buildings, together
with his often conjectural 'restorations' of medieval churches, often
resulted in controversy.
 He started in architecture by designing gaols and workhouses, but
later studied French Gothic Cathedrals and Churches, being much
influenced by the ideas of Augustus Welby Pugin.
 He represented the quintessence of High Victorian Gothic
architecture, and was responsible for an immense amount of such
work.
 He was concerned with the creation, restoration and alteration of some
730 buildings.

 His first work was The Royal Wanstead School, Essex, formerly an
Orphan Asylum. One year later, he built St Giles Church, Camberwell
(1841-3).
 His restorations began with renovations of Ely Cathedral in 1847 and
included Westminster Abbey (where he was made surveyor in 1849,
and worked on the north front and the chapter house). He restored
many other cathedrals and churches.
 Some of his best work is St Giles' Church in Camberwell, The Albert
Memorial in Kensington Gardens, the Midland Railway Terminus Hotel
at St Pancras and the Foreign Office in Whitehall, all in London.
 Gilbert Scott achieved great eminence, becoming Professor of
Architecture at the Royal Academy (1866-1873).
 Scott died in London in 1878, and is buried in Westminster Abbey.
Albert Memorial
 The Albert Memorial is situated in Kensington Gardens,
London, England, directly to the north of the Royal Albert Hall.
 It was commissioned by Queen Victoria in memory of her
beloved husband, Prince Albert who died of typhoid in 1861.
 The memorial was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott in the
Gothic revival style.
 The memorial consists of an ornate canopy or pavilion
containing a statue of Prince Albert facing south.
 The memorial is 176 feet tall, took over ten years to complete,
and cost £120,000.
The exterior mosaic of Phidias View of the internal mosaics
and Michelangelo and the cornicing
Statues of the virtues on the canopy tower
 FOUNDATION - Below
the Memorial is a large
undercroft, consisting
of numerous brick
arches, which serves
as the foundation that
supports the large
weight of the stone
and metal used to
build the monument.
The railings after the restoration
 St Pancras railway station
 St Pancras railway station is a major railway station
in the St Pancras area of London between the
British Library and King's Cross station.
 St Pancras is often termed the ‘cathedral of the
railways’, and includes two of the most celebrated
structures built in Britain in the Victorian era.
 The frontage of the station is formed by St Pancras
Chambers, formerly the Midland Grand Hotel (1868–
1877), an impressive example of Victorian gothic
architecture.
 At the south end of the
upper level of the station, a
9 metre high, 20 tonne
bronze statue named The
Meeting Place designed by
British artist Paul Day is
intended to evoke the
romance of travel. A
nearby statue of
John Betjeman, gazing in
apparent wonder at the
Barlow roof, recognises his
successful campaign to
save the station in the 20th
century
 St Pancras clocktower Detailed view of the
rises above tenement
blocks in King's Cross in clock tower
the 1980s. Etching by
Colin Bailey
 CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN

 The sloping and irregular form of the site posed certain problems and
the Midland Railway directors were determined to impress London
with their new station.
 They could see the ornateness of Euston, with its famous arch; the
functional success of Lewis Cubitt's King's Cross; the design
innovations in iron, glass and layout by Brunel at Paddington; and,
significantly, the single span roof designs of John Hawkshaw being
built at Charing Cross and Cannon Street
 Its original plans, raising the station 6m on iron columns, thus
providing a usable undercroft space and also allowing the approach
tracks to cross the Regent's Canal on a bridge rather than a tunnel.
 The single span roof of 74 m
(243 ft) was a collaboration
between Barlow and
Rowland Mason Ordish and
was the greatest built up to
that time
A close-up of some of the intricate decoration
used in the station
Brighton College
 The school's principal buildings are in the gothic
revival style by Sir George Gilbert Scott.
 Later buildings were designed by his pupil and
former student at the College
Sir Thomas Graham Jackson RA (brick and flint
with cream and pink terracotta dressings, flint
with clipsham stone dressings).
 The chapel is unusual amongst British school chapels because
George Bell, Bishop of Chichester created the school grounds
as an ecclesiastical district outside the parish of St
Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (St.
John's)
 The leading Gothic Revival architect George Gilbert Scott, who
envisioned a more impressive cruciform structure with varied
ornamentation in the twelfth-century English style. The Nave,
built between 1847 and 1850, served as the entire Cathedral
Church for 35 years.
 Construction on the choir and transept section did not
commence until 1880 and was completed in September 1885.
 The additions to the nave gave the cathedral the shape of a
Latin cross and continued the era of Gothic Revival architecture
in the construction of nineteenth-century Anglican churches in
Newfoundland.
Cathedral after the Great Fire of 1892
 The Cathedral was extensively damaged in
The Great Fire of 1892.
 The roof timbers ignited, which caused the roof to collapse,
bringing the clerestory walls and piers in the nave down with it.
 The intense heat caused the lead to melt in the glass windows,
resulting in the complete destruction of all but two; the sole
surviving window can be seen in the Sacristy.
 Restoration of the Cathedral commenced in 1893, again under
Kelly's direction.
 DIMENSIONS
 The Cathedral stretches 200 feet (61 m) from the
Great West Doors to the Sanctuary, with a 60-foot
(18 m) wide nave and a maximum width of 99 feet
(30 m) at the transepts. Where nave and transept
cross, the floor-to-ceiling height is 57 feet (17 m);
outside, the roof stands 80 feet (24 m) high at the
ridge.
ChristChurch Cathedral
(Christchurch, New Zealand)
 Situated at the heart of a bustling city, ChristChurch Cathedral is
the most visited building in New Zealand. This fine Victorian
Gothic Church offers a place for quietness reflection and prayer.
 It is located in the centre of the city, surrounded by the plaza of
Cathedral Square. It is the cathedral seat of the
Bishop of Christchurch.
 The nave and tower were consecrated by 1881, though the
entire building was not finished until 1904.
 The cathedral was originally designed by British architect Sir
George Gilbert Scott with the New Zealand architect
Benjamin Mountfort as supervisory architect on the site
 CONSTRUCTION
 Initial plans called for wooden construction, but plans were
changed with the discovery of a source of good quality masonry
stone locally. Banks Peninsula totara and matai timber was
used for the roof supports.
 The cathedral spire reaches to 63 metres above Cathedral
Square
 The spire has three times been damaged by earthquakes. After
the third of these, in 1901, the stone construction was replaced
with a more resilient surface of weathered copper sheeting
'Castlerigg- St John's in the Vale
Church'
 The site is unusual in that it seems somewhat
inaccessible. However, the road which passes the
Church was once an important road, part of a track
from Matterdale to Wanthwaite. Inside, the building
conveys a warm and homely atmosphere, without
being inhibiting.
 The altar was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott,
and was formerly at Crosthwaite Church. It was a gift
to St John's-in-the-Vale in 1893.
 The small tower contains one bell, date unknown.
 A church leaflet is available describing the history of
the Church.
ARIEAL VIEW
Hall Cross School
 The library building is the oldest building on the Town Centre
site, built in 1869.
 Downstairs it features a plaque which can still be seen to this
day, dedicating the building to Queen Victoria.
 The library is a classic example of Victorian Gothic Revival,
featuring a large Hammerbeam roof decorated with flowers cut
into the massive oak beams.
 The building also features a tower at one corner. Inside, the
library features two massive Gothic style glass windows at either
end, one of them being stained glass,
Lanhydrock House
 Lanhydrock House is a large country mansion near Bodmin in
Cornwall, England, in the United Kingdom.
 It is situated in extensive grounds (360 hectares or 890 acres)
above the River Fowey and is today managed by the
National Trust, in whose ownership it has been since 1953.
 Much of the present house dates back to Victorian times but some
sections are more than 200 years older, dating from about 1620.
 building Lanhydrock House, designed to a four-sided layout
around a central courtyard and constructed of grey granite
 The east wing of the house was demolished leaving
the U-shaped plan seen today.
 In 1881 a major fire destroyed the south wing and
caused extensive damage to the central section. Of
the main house only the north wing, with its 29 m
Long Gallery, and the front porch building survived
intact, though the original gatehouse also dates back
to the mid 17th century.
Parish Church

The house is situated next to

a small church, Lanhydrock
Parish Church (dedicated to
St Hydrock). In parts this
dates back to the late 15th
century. Lanhydrock has an
attractive garden with formal
areas around the house. The
hill behind is planted with a
fine selection of shrubs and
trees.
McManus Galleries
 McManus Galleries houses a museum and art gallery with a
collection of fine and decorative art as well as a natural history
collection
 McManus Galleries is a Gothic Revival-style building, located in the
centre of Dundee, Scotland.
 The concept for the building was originally commissioned as a
memorial to Prince Albert
 The building site was underpinned by large wood beams.
 In 1976, cracks were discovered in south-east corner of the building.
The subsequent survey found that the building was partially
subsiding. During 1979, remedial measures of placing load bearing
concrete piles and cross-beams positioned to replace rotted timbers.
[2]
Sandbach School
 Sandbach School has been located on Crewe Road in Sandbach,
Cheshire for almost 150 years. Sandbach School is unique in the
United Kingdom.
St. Thomas's Church, Huddersfield
• St Thomas’s has, since its very beginnings in 1859, been the
most significant church in the Catholic tradition of the
Church of England in Huddersfield and the surrounding district.
 A short walk from the town centre, along the Manchester Road
will take you to the church, unmistakeable because of its
impressive spire. Designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott, St
Thomas’s is one of Huddersfield’s most significant ecclesiastical
buildings.
 Inside the church the visitor will the find an interior completely
remodelled in 1990 to provide space for the community to meet
and for the liturgy to be celebrated with dignity in a thoroughly
contemporary style.
 St. Thomas of Canterbury Church,
Chester
 The Church of St. Thomas of Canterbury is situated in the
City of Chester, in an area of the city informally known as "The Garden
Quarter"
 ABOUT STRUCTURE-
• The church is built in red sandstone with a westmoreland slate roof.
• Its style is Gothic Revival.
• The tower has a ringing chamber but lacks the bell chamber above and
spire. some of the carvings around the windows and at the top of the
Nave columns remains incomplete.
• The plan of the church consists of an East Tower at the end of the
South Aisle, the North Aisle and a 5-bay nave.
• The chancel is raised three steps above the nave with a further three
steps at the other end of the choir into the sanctuary.
• There is a Lady Chapel at the end of the North Aisle.
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES-
 The West Window is by Kempe.
 There are two magnificently-carved reredoses by Deacon, one
in the Lady Chapel and one in the sanctuary.
 The wooden High Altar (in the sanctuary) is decorated with
three painted panels, featuring: the Annunciation, the Nativity
and the Visitation.
 The baptismal font at the West End of the church used to have
a magnificently-carved suspended cover which collapsed in
1980.
 Also at the West End there is a Sacristy and a choir vestry. The
three-manual digital organ was installed in 1997 by Wyvern
Organs to replace an earlier pipe organ.
St. Mary's Cathedral, Glasgow
 The Cathedral Church of St Mary the Virgin (commonly called
St Mary's Cathedral) is a cathedral of the
Scottish Episcopal Church.
 It is located on the Great Western Road, in the west end of
Glasgow, Scotland.
 The current building was opened on 9 November 1871 as St
Mary's Episcopal Church and was completed in 1893 when the
spire was completed.
 It was raised to cathedral status in 1908.
 The total height of the cathedral is 63 metres.
 Restoration

 From the mid 1980s to 2002 St Mary's Cathedral has undergone

an extensive restoration.
 Phase 1 - Remedial Works at the Crossing
As a result of water ingress to the organ serious damage was
discovered to the beams supporting the crossing. Repair work
was put in hand, and a survey of the building condition carried
out.
 Phase 2 - Chancel and Organ
The Chancel, Tower and Crossing was restored. The building re-
roofed and the clestory windows renovated.
 Phase 3 - Synod Hall
The roof of the Synod Hall was replaced, new lighting, provision of
new toilets, the Sacristy Corridor was levelled, a choir room
provided, the bishop's vestry was replaced by a disabled toilet
with level access to the cathedral to the crossing and a
wheelchair lift between the disabled toilet and the Synod Hall.
The cramped kitchen was dispensed with and replaced with a
catering area in the north end of the hall.
 Phase 4 - The Nave
The largest works to date that required the Congregation to
worship at the nearby Lansdowne Parish Church from October
2000 to March 2002. Work included the provision a new glazed
porch, new tiled flooring to replace the temporary flooring from
previous phase, completion of the Gywneth Leach decorations
and a new lighting scheme.