• Chemistry – the study of matter

• Branches of Chemistry:
– Organic (carbon)
– Inorganic (noncarbon)
– Physical (chemistry of energy)
– Analytical (identification)
– Biochemistry (living)
– Theoretical (theory)
• Chemists may do basic or applied research.
– Basic: the goal is information.
– Applied: problem solving is the goal.
• Technology = research to make life better.
• Solid – matter that has definite shape and volume.
– There are 2 types of solids:
• crystalline solids with an orderly internal pattern
• amorphous solids with a disordered internal pattern.
• Liquid – form of matter that flows, has a fixed
volume and takes the shape of its container.
• Gas – form of matter that takes both the shape and
volume of its container.
• Plasma – is a very high energy state.
• Matter – anything that has mass (amount of
matter) & takes up space (volume). Matter is
made of atoms &/or molecules.
• Elements – simple, pure substances—on Periodic
Table—made of 1 type of atom. Ex. C=carbon
• Compounds – made of 2 or more elements
reacted together (chemically combined). 2 or
more atoms chemically combined = molecules.
Compounds contain molecules. Ex. H2O
• Properties are used to classify substances.
– Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter
being measured (mass, volume, etc)
– Intensive properties are independent of the amount of
matter present (Ex. Melting point, boiling point, etc)
• Physical property – observed with the senses and
can be determined w/o destroying the object.
Color, shape, mass, length, and odor
• Chemical property – indicates how a substance
reacts with something else.
The original substance is changed.
• In a physical change, a change which alters a
given material without changing its composition.

• In a chemical change, a change in composition of

the substance or substances. A new substance is
formed.
– The chemical reaction starts with chemicals called
reactants, they change & turn into products.
– Ex. C6H12O6 + 6O2  6 CO2 + 6H2O or 2H2 + O2
 2H2O where hydrogen plus oxygen yields water.
Permanent Color Change
Heat Change (exothermic or endothermic)
Light Produced (energy)
New Solid formed (precipitate)
Gas Produced
Physical Change
Boil, freeze, dissolve, split, crack, crush
Melt, condense, cut, grind, bend

Chemical Change
Burn, rot, rust, decompose
Ferment, explode, corrode, combust
Iron Rusts Chemical
Water Boils Physical
Coffee is ground Physical
Wine Ferments Chemical
Wood Burns Chemical
Batteries Corrode Chemical
Bending a piece of wire Physical
Burning coal Chemical
Cooking a steak Chemical
Cutting grass Physical
What Disney movie is based on
Shakespeare’s Hamlet?

The Lion King