Chapter 14: EDUCATION

QUINIQUINI. ZULUETA. DONALDO. MANEBO

Educational Structures
Defined as a preparation for effective participation in social relations. Sociologically speaking, education is the consciously controlled process whereby changes in behavior are produced in the person and through the person in the group. Education is a major factor in economic growth.

Informal Education
Education may be formal or informal. Informal education is learning through interaction with others in the group. Ideas and facts are acquired through suggestions, observation, example, imitation, and inculcation from the family, play group, neighborhood , or occupational group.

Formal Education
Formal education is synonymous with school. It sets definite objectives and goals reached through systematized, formal instruction method. Formal education is achieved in stages: preschool level, elementary level, secondary level, and tertiary level or university level.

In simple societies, the family provides education, assisted by elderly members of the community who are called specialist. The first schools were established in China, Egypt, Babylonia, India, Greece, and Rome.

The widespread establishment of the school system was made possible with the invention of the printing press in the mid-15th century. The printing press became and instrument in the mass production of reading materials, which were prepared for the different stages of education.

Learning then became structured and graduated experience and appropriate printed materials were designed for purpose of this structure. The early reading materials are the forerunners of todays textbooks.

EDUCATION IN EARLY SOCIETIES

Early Writing Materials

FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION

To transmit the cultural heritage

Remains the traditional function of education. Includes knowledge, language, mathematics, and science that are familiar to most students. Attitudes, Values, and norms of society. Imitation & Inculcation

To help individual select social roles and to train them for the roles theyve chosen
Education is also aimed to developing new social patterns that will bring about different specialization. The points to consider when making adjustments are: a. Careful planning of the subject and courses, along with the necessary facilities which the school should provide.
b. Training of an adequate number of people according to the demands of specialized jobs market c. Matching the talents and abilities of the work force with specialization needed so that there will be a balance of people who are capable of performing the jobs to fill.

To integrate into the cultural mainstream the various subcultures and identities.
The function of education to socially integrate different groups into the cultural mainstream must be maximized as many countries with internal strife are composed of people that is diverse

To serve as source of social and cultural innovation. School activities should be geared towards the development of curiosity and initiative, with students learning to conduct their own investigation, arrive

EDUCATION IN
THE PHILIPPINES

Educational systems reflect the economic, political, social, and religious values of society.

SYSTEM OF WRITING EXISTED AMONG ANCIENT FILIPINOS, ALTHOUGH THE

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SYLLABIC WRITING IS STILL A SUBJECT OF CONTENTION OF CONTEMPORARY SCHOLARS.

 Philippine education has been influenced by the Spanish and American colonizers. They brought with them educational materials that reflected the ideologies of their countries and the ideals inculcated were representations of their culture.

 The objective of education under the Spanish colonizers was to teach moral and religious subjects, using the Spanish language as medium of instruction. Before 1863, schools set up in the barrios were small thatched buildings called visitas. The method of learning as memorization, and the punishment meted out was whipping.

 Higher

education placed great emphasis on virtue and letters. There were many schools established during Spanish colonial period. Higher education primarily served the upper classes, a degree being a status symbol, a badge of social standing and prestige. The educated class was the ilustrado.

The Educational Degree of 1863 provided for the establishment of a complete system of education. When the Americans took over the reigns of government in 1899, the emphasis on Christianity and the transmission of the Spanish culture shifted towards the development of new social patterns. The Educational Act 1901, organized the general system of public instruction and authorized the establishment of private schools.

At present, the Philippine educational system is a bureaucratic structure under the supervision of the state. Department of Education The Commission on Higher Education Technical Education and Skills Development Authority Educational Act of 1982 PCSPE EDCOM

Computers & Internets

The internet has made its impact on information technology. It makes the accessibility of academic resources faster and more convenient. News and discussions groups can now also be set up instantly while opinions, ideas, and attitude are exchanged in real times.