Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 161

Cableado y Conexionado de Redes de Campo: FOUNDATION Fieldbus

Ing. Gustavo Lozada gustavo.lozada@innovantis.biz

Agenda
Presentacin Introduccin: Conceptos Bsicos Diseo de la Capa Fsica Seguridad Intrnseca Seleccin de Componentes de Capa Fsica

Agenda
Presentacin Introduccin: Conceptos Bsicos Diseo de la Capa Fsica Seguridad Intrnseca Seleccin de Componentes de Capa Fsica

Redes Industriales
Una primera clasificacin, segn sus capacidades:
Buses de Control o Controlbuses: (HSE high-speed ethernet, ControlNet, Etc.) Buses de Dispositivos o Devicebuses (DeviceNet, Profibus DP, SDS, Interbus-S, Etc.) Buses de Campo o Fieldbuses (Foundation Fieldbus, Profibus PA, WorldFIP, Etc.) Buses de Sensores o Sensorbuses (CAN, ASi, Seriplex, LonWorks, Etc.)

Jerarqua de Redes

Fieldbus: Definicin
Qu es una Red de Campo?
Un medio compartido: Solucin de comunicacin digital para intercambiar datos entre sistemas de automatizacin y dispositivos de campo Columna vertebral de un sistema Sistema de comunicacin en tiempo real basado en el modelo ISO/OSI Concepto Global Sistema de dispositivos de campo y/o dispositivos de control que utilizan un medio fsico comn para intercambiar datos

Resea Histrica

1940s
Instrumentacin Neumtica

1970s
Electrnica Analgica

1980s
Electrnica Digital

2000s
Redes de Campo

Organizaciones

InterOperable System Project

HART
HART stands for:
Highway Addressable Remote Transducer

HART
HART is not considered a fieldbus. The reason is the connections of the devices are on a point-to-point basis. HART was born during the time of 4-20mA signals for the purpose of retrieving status information about the device and for configuration purposes.

What is HART?

HART is a digital signal that is superimposed on an analog current signal. Uses frequency shift keying to transmit 1s and 0s 1200 Hz represents a 1 and 2200 Hz represents a 0 Requires 230 ohms minimum loop impedance

FSK

Where/Why is HART used?


It is easy to integrate into any new or existing system It is very user friendly and widely accepted It is used where standard instrument wiring is already in place

PROFIBUS: System Bus Vs. Fieldbus


There are three protocols which define Profibus:
EN 50170, Vol. 2, DIN 19245 E Part 4

Factory Automation Profibus-DP


Fast, Efficient, Cost-effective
Decentralized Periphery

General Automation Profibus-FMS


Universal, Wide range of application
Fieldbus Message Specification

Process Control Profibus-PA


Bus powered, Intrinsic Safety
Process Automation

Profibus Decentralized Periphery DP:


Optimized for fast cyclic data transfer Allows multiple masters on a network DP uses the RS485 physical layer DP instruments are not bus powered Supports baud rates up to 12 Mbaud Supports redundancy

Profibus Process Automation PA:


Designed for Process industry; intrinsic safety PA uses IEC 61158-2 physical layer standard (31.25 kbaud transmission rate) PA uses 2 wires; power and communication on the same pair

Cable Length DP vs. PA


Baud rate directly affects segment length

31.25k 93.75k 500k 1.5M 12M

1900m 1200m 400m 200m 100m

PA

DP

Where/Why is it used?

DP
High speed batch type remote I/O Fast update times Wire savings compared to point-to-point

PA
True process fieldbus for continuous applications Supports intrinsic safety Wire savings compared to point-to-point

FOUNDATION Fieldbus
What is it? Digital replacement of 4-20 mA process signals Simultaneous power and signal on two wires Supports intrinsic safety Based on ISA/IEC Physical Layer, uses 61158-2 standard (same as Profibus PA) Introduces control in the field

Foundation Fieldbus Application Range


Factory level

Ethernet/TCP/IP
Management

Work station

Internet/Intranet
PC/VME

Celllevel
Operations

Ethernet TCP/IP (HSE)


Maintenance

Bridge

PLC

Fieldlevel

H1-Bus Non IS

H1-Bus IS

Layered Communications Model

User Layer
Provides Standard Function Blocks. Consistent definition of data for integrated and seamless distribution of functions in field devices from different suppliers. Provides Time Critical Scheduling of function blocks.
PHYSICAL LAYER

USER LAYER

COMMUNICATION STACK

Provides Device Descriptions which allows the host system to operate the device without custom programming.

Architecture and terminology consistent with the IEC TC65 WG7 Function Block - Part 1 CDV

Block Model
Device Device Management

Ressource Transducer Block Block


Block header Block header

Function Block
Block header

Block Representation User Layer


Sensor

Resource Block describes characteristics of device Transducer Block(s) represent local connections for physical I/O Function Block(s) provide the control and I/O behavior of the device

User Layer Resource Block Transducer Function Blocks Blocks

Communication Stack Physical Layer

Function Blocks
Function Block Field Device

Inputs

Outputs

Algorithm Example: PID

Standard Block Parameters Mode, etc.

Block Specific Parameters Gain, etc.

Consistent, easy, blockoriented configuration of functions Distribution and execution of functions in field devices from different manufacturers in an integrated, seamless manner Consistent definition of information that will be communicated and functions that will be distributed Avoids custom interfaces and cumbersome mapping

Advantage of the Function Blocks


Yesterday Function Blocks were in the Host System or Controllers.

AO 110 PID 110 AI 110


4-20 mA 4-20 mA

FT

I/P

Advantage of the Function Blocks


Today function blocks can be distributed into the field devices for local control.
Inputs and outputs of Function Blocks are linked locally and over the Fieldbus.

Fieldbus

PID 110 AI 110


FT FC

AO 110

Function Blocks Overview


Initial set of function blocks
(not complete set of function blocks)

Discrete Input Block - DI Discrete Output Block - DO Analog input Block - AI Analog Output Block - AO PID, PI, I Controller Block - PID P, PD Controller Block - PD Control Selector Block - CS Manual Loader Block - ML Bias/Gain Station Block - BG Ratio Station Block - RA

Device Description Language


What is a Device Description ? An extended description of the data in a device which enables interoperability between field devices and host devices. Device Descriptions are written in a special computer programming language called Device Description Language (DDL). The Device Description is manufacturer independent

Advantage of DDL
Device Descriptions allow operation of devices from different suppliers on the same Fieldbus with only one version of the host human interface program.

Device Descriptions
Device from Supplier A

Device from Supplier Z

Fieldbus

Comparison
FOUNDATION Fieldbus and PROFIBUS PA are most alike. What would make someone decide one over the other? Whether or not they want control in the field

Advantages of Fieldbus Technology


More information from intelligent field devices Predictive maintenance Preventive maintenance Improved functionality Reduced downtime Accurate and reliable diagnostic data Reliable digital transmission technology Control in the field (not with Profibus PA!) Interoperability All the above lead to a great ROI

Wiring Cost Savings


Wiring costs savings
Combination of material and labor costs for installing wire, cable tray, conduit, marshalling cabinets, junction boxes, terminal blocks, and IS barriers

Wiring With Traditional Architectures

Wiring With Fieldbus

Control Room Savings


350 device control room with traditional architecture

Control room
Less I/O, Less Space Required Uses one I/O module for up to 32 devices

350 device control room with field-based architecture using fieldbus

Fieldbus Savings

Wide Acceptance of Fieldbus Technology

Source: ARC Advisory Group, 2006

Fieldbus Market Analysis

Fieldbus market is growing exponentially The technology has passed the inovators stage and is currently in the early adopters stage Everybody in the process industry is at least considering Fieldbus technology for new installations

Why They are Buying It


Using Fieldbus technology only makes sense when using the smart diagnostics from the field devices to do preventive maintenance!
There is no real cost savings in hardware and installation alone Studies have shown that 65% to 75% of maintenance trips to the field are unnecessary Taking advantage of the additional information from the intelligent field devices can lead to less plant downtime - higher productivity - no unnecessary trips to the field - more knowledge about the process - higher quality - good ROI

Agenda
Presentacin Introduccin: Conceptos Bsicos Diseo de la Capa Fsica Seguridad Intrnseca Seleccin de Componentes de Capa Fsica

Physical Layer
The physical layer is where the messages from the communication stack are transferred to physical bus signals. The IEC and ISA defines all aspects of th physical layer for Profibus PA fieldbus. This specification includes:
Cable type (AWG, attenuation, impedance, etc.) Transmission rate (31.25k bps) Allowed topologies (bus, tree, chicken-foot) Number of devices (32 max)

Topologies
Topology - defines how individual nodes are physically connected to the network

Common Topologies

Line

Star

Ring

Tree or Chicken Foot

Topologies
Daisy chaining is NOT recommended Tree/Chicken Foot or star is most common

Star

Tree or Chicken Foot

H1 Specifications
Standards: Participants: Practice: Medium access: Transm.rate/ Cable length Telegram: Data check: Signal levels: Type of cable: IEC 61158-2 (Physics)/IEC ISA SP 50 32 without / 240 with repeater not more than 16 logical nodes (or 64 Function blocks for FF) Bus arbitration, Token passing 31.25 kBd 1900m w/o repeaters max. 251 Byte data per telegram CRC, Hd = 4 + 9 mA (IEC 61158-2) Twisted shielded pair

Ohms Law
The transmitting device delivers +/- 10mA at 31.25kbps into a 50 ohm equivalent load to create a 1V peak-to-peak signal modulated on top of the DC supply.
Current * Resistance = Voltage 10mA * 50 ohms = 0.5Vpeak (1Vpp)

Where does 50 ohms come from?


Every segment is required to have two terminators; one at each end of the bus.

1/100 ohms + 1/100 ohms = 1/R 2/100 ohms = 1/R -------- R = 50 ohms

Manchester II Coding
Manchester II Coding, voltage modulation measured at 50 Ohm (measured between signal leads)
Bits:
Supply voltage + signal amplitude

Supply voltage

Supply voltage - signal amplitude

1 Bit

At Bit/2: Positive edge = 0, negative edge = 1

FOUNDATION Fieldbus Communication Cycle


Time Critical Function Block Execution (Scheduled) Time Critical Communication (Scheduled) Request/Response Communication (Unscheduled)

AI 110 PID 110 AO 110 Macrocycle > 255 ms


Time

Macrocycle > 255 ms

4-20 mA Current Loop Connection

Fieldbus Network with Additional Devices

Fieldbus needs terminators


Fieldbus interface

T T
D

100 1 F

Terminators are required, one at each end Terminators match line impedance to minimise reflections & distortions No more than 2 terminators may be used

Effects of Termination
Transmit level 0.75Vpp to 1Vpp @ 50 Ohm In case when transmitting signal is between 1Vpp and 2Vpp one or more terminators are missing Recommended values for transmit level are as follows:
Transmit level peak-to-peak > 1V 0.7V 1V 0.3V 0.7V < 0.3V Transmit level peak > 0.5V 0.35V 0.5V 0.15V 0.35V < 0.15V Wire condition Missing terminator good e.g. 3 terminators 3 or more terminators

Troubleshooting Manual

Troubleshooting Manual

Connections
Segment Trunk Home Run
Control System

T DCS I/O card addresses 32 devices max


Power Supply

Spur (>1m) or Splice (<1m)

Fieldbus Cable
Type A: screened twisted pair
1900m typically 0.8mm2 (AWG18) 44/km loop, 100 nominal sometimes 1.5mm2 24/km loop

Type B: multicore twisted pair, overall screen


1200m

Type C: multicore twisted pair, no screen


400m

Type D: multipair, not twisted, may be screened


200m

Cable Types and Requirements

Cable length per Spur


No. of Participants 1 device per spur 120 m 90 m 60 m 30 m 1m 2 devices 3 devices 4 devices per spur per spur per spur

1 12 13 14 15 18 19 24 25 32

90 m (60 m) 60 m (30 m) 30 m (1 m) 1m 1m

60 m (30 m) 30 m (1 m) 1m 1m 1m

30 m (1 m) 1m 1m 1m 1m

Based on cable type A

Usage of Repeaters
In case where a segment needs to be longer than 1900m or the segment needs to be more densely populated with devices, the specification permits the use of a signal repeater No more than 4 repeaters between any two devices Conceptually, we can have a network lenght of 9500 m Each segment in this network would require its own power supply and terminators Each one of these segments could support up to 32 devices

Basic Network Analysis


Typical supply voltage = 24V For 1000m segment, Type A cable
24 - 9 V = 15 = 340mA 2x22 44

Current/device = 20mA (typical) Maximum capacity = 17 devices * Beware of device inrush current

The FOUNDATION Fieldbus application guide shows the following grounding

Grounding

Grounding

Hard Grounding
Safe area Power Repeater Hazardous area Field device or Junction box Equipotential bonding

Requirements for equi potential bonding The equipotential bonding must reach the requirements of the EN 50020 and EN 60079-14 (e. g. resisitive load < 1 , installation requirements, ...)

Capacitive Grounding
Safe area Hazardous area Field device or Junction box Equipotential bonding Power Repeater

Reqiurements for the capacitance for IS applications Capacitance C < 10 nF Solid dielectric medium Isolation voltage > 1500 V

Exercise

General Purpose Application

24 VDC

20..35 VDC

18 instruments with 20mA each These devices need at least 9V to operate Cable is type A = 44Ohms per km What is the maximum spur length? What would be the maximum achievable trunk length?

110 VAC

Safe area

General Purpose Application


Rt = Lt * 44 Ohms/Km Rs = Ls * 44 Ohms/Km

+ 24V
360 mA

Ze
20 mA

Zi

9V -

Ls max = 60m, due to 18 instruments Rs = 44 Ohms/Km * 0.06 Km = 2.64 Ohms 24 V = .36 A * Rt + .02 A * 2.64 Ohms + 9 V Rt = 41.52 Ohms Lt = 41.52 Ohms/44 Ohms/Km = 943 mts

Agenda
Presentacin Introduccin: Conceptos Bsicos Diseo de la Capa Fsica Seguridad Intrnseca Seleccin de Componentes de Capa Fsica

El tringulo de Explosin
Los tres deben estar presentes para que se produzca la ignicin. Este concepto es el fundamento de los mtodos de proteccin. Elimine uno y tendr una operacin segura.

(Trmica o Elctrica)

ENERGA

Ex
OXIDANTE
(Aire) (Gas, Vapor o Partculas)

COMBUSTIBLE

Mtodos de Proteccin Se debe alcanzar un nivel de riesgo aceptable utilizando alguno de estos mtodos de proteccin estndar

ENERGIA

Tres principios bsicos:

CONTENCION SEGREGACION PREVENCION


AIRE COMBUSTIBLE

Concepto
Una ilustracin de seguridad intrnseca.
A. Circuito en rea clasificada B. Energa capaz de producir ignicin C. Agregamos barrera D. Energa insuficiente para causar ignicin

Barrera de seguridad intrnseca con instrumento de campo intrnsecamente seguro

Mtodos de Proteccin

Principio: PREVENCION
Isc/Io

Seguridad intrnseca i
Div. 1,2 / Zonas 0,1,2

R V

L C
Voc/Uo

CARACTERISTICAS Tcnica de limitacin de voltaje, corriente y energa almacenada por debajo de los niveles mnimos de ignicin

DESVENTAJAS VENTAJAS No es aplicable a No requiere cables equipos de alto conespeciales sumo de potencia Seguro para personal Requiere ms trabajo No requiere permisos de ingeniera y en caliente documentacin Aplicable a todas las reas - Div.1/2 y Zonas 0,1,2

Proteccin

Principio: PREVENCION
Isc/Io

Seguridad intrnseca i
Div. 1,2 / Zonas 0,1,2

R V

L C
Voc/Uo

Mayor nivel de seguridad sostenible en el tiempo Menor costo de adquisicin e instalacin que explosion-proof Mantenimiento en caliente (nico mtodo que lo permite) No requiere cajas/conduits/sellos explosion-proof Aplicable a todas las Clases, Divisiones y Grupos Mtodo doblemente tolerante a fallas Opciones de cableado ms flexibles, facilitando expansiones Aceptado internacionalmente

Proteccin

Principio: PREVENCION
Isc/Io

Seguridad intrnseca i
Div. 1,2 / Zonas 0,1,2

R V

L C
Voc/Uo

nicamente para dispositivos de bajo consumo Considerado errneamente complejo Requiere atencin a la ingeniera

Mtodos de Proteccin

Principio: CONTENCION
Joint Width Gap

Explosion-proof o flame-proof d
Div.1,2 / Zonas 1,2

CARACTERISTICAS El encapsulado debe soportar la presin de la explosin interna y debe ser diseada para enfriar la llama antes de que llegue al medio ambiente exterior

VENTAJAS Mtodo ampliamente aceptado Aplicable a equipos de alta potencia

DESVENTAJAS Altos costos en cajas, sellos y conduit No es posible trabajar con los equipos energizados Errores de instalacin y mantenimiento son peligrosos! No es aplicable a todas las reas

Ejemplo

Explosion-proof o flame-proof d
Div.1,2 / Zonas 1,2

Posible escape de llama

Mtodos de Proteccin

Principio: PREVENCION

Non-Incendive n
Div. 2 / ZonA 2

OR
CARACTERISTICAS Seguro en condiciones normales de operacin y basado en la correcta ingeniera del producto

Safe In Normal Operation

VENTAJAS Menos costoso que la mayora de los otros mtodos

DESVENTAJAS Se basa en probabilidades No acepta mantenimiento en vivo Los mtodos de instalacin son crticos

Ejemplo

Non-Incendive n
Div. 2 / Zone 2

Minimum Ignition Energy


Todo componente dentro de un circuito internsecamente seguro debe ser evaluado o probado para determinar si opera por debajo del mnimo nivel de energa de ignicin. Energa de Ignicin (J) M.I.E

Curva de Ignicin
Concentracin Volumtrica (%)

L.E.L. Lower Explosive Limit

U.E.L. Upper Explosive Limit

GAS

CLASIFICACION L.E.L. U.E.L. M.I.E. Group (%) (%) (J) 5 2 2.7 4 15 9.5 34 75 320 180 60 20 D C B A

Metano Propano Etileno Hidrgeno

Curvas de Ignicin
Un circuito intrnsecamente seguro siempre operar por debajo del mnimo punto de ignicin, durante operacin norma o anormal, con un factor de seguridad de 50%. Las siguientes normas contienen las curvas de ignicin y los requerimientos de seguridad intrnseca de los equipos UL913 FM3610 CSA C22.2 No. 157 ISA 12.2.01 IEC 60079-11

Es realmente segura?
La seguridad intrnseca es el nico mtodo de proteccin basado en el concepto de prevencin.Las estadsticas demuestran que ofrece una probabilidad de causar explosiones inferior a 10 -18. Es ampliamente reconocido como el mtodo ms seguro disponible para reas explosivas. Esto lo valida el hecho de que es el nico mtodo aprobado para Zona 0.

HECHOS: Dentro de las cajas explosion-proof se producen explosiones. Seguridad intrnseca limita la energa, de modo que la explosin nunca llegue a ocurrir.

Es realmente segura?
La seguridad intrnseca ofrece varias ventajas. En instalaciones nuevas es significativamente ms efectiva en costo que explosionproof. Sin embargo, en muchas situaciones los ahorros de costo son proporcionalmente comparables a la resistencia al cambio Bajo igualdad de condiciones las empresas debieran optar por el mtodo ms seguro

HECHOS: Una pequea fisura o un tornillo no instalado en una caja explosion-proof significativamente reduce/invalida su desempeo seguro. Si se escogen adecuadamente los componentes, la seguridad intrnseca no se degrada en el tiempo.

Es realmente segura?
HECHO: La apertura de una caja explosion-proof requiere de un permiso de trabajo en caliente, dado que los componentes internos pueder producir la ignicin del medio. Con seguridad intrnseca no se requiern permisos de trabajo en caliente, dado que la electrnica no es capaz de producir la ignicin.

HECHO: El producto bsico relacionado a la construccin bajo explosion-proof ha permanecido inalterable por ms de 25 aos. Grande, voluminoso y pesado. Los equipos de seguridad intrnseca han evolucionado y adaptado nuevas tecnologas. Las demandas de bajo consumo han incrementado el foco en seguridad intrnseca durante los ltimos 10 aos. Liviano, confiable y high-tech.

Concepto Un circuito intrnsecamente seguro consta de:


- Equipo intrnsecamente seguro - Dispositivo asociado - Cable de interconexin

Equipo Intrnsecamente Seguro

Associated Apparatus

Dispositivo Asociado

Definiciones segn COVENIN 200


Aparatos de Seguridad Intrnseca: Aparatos en los cuales todos los circuitos son de seguridad intrnseca Circuito de Seguridad Intrnseca: Un circuito en el cual cualquier chispa o efecto trmico no es capaz de provocar la ignicin de una mezcla de material inflamable o combustible, en el aire, en condiciones de ensayo determinadas en el Standard for Safety, Intrinsically Safe Apparatus and Associated Apparatus for Use in Class I, II, and III, Division 1, Hazardous (Classified) Locations, ANSI/ UL 913-1988.
En el mercado existe una amplia gama de instrumentos, tales como transmisores, transductores, convertidores I/Ps, vlvulas solenoides, sensores de posicin, etc.

Definiciones segn COVENIN 200


Aparato Simple: Un dispositivo que no genera ni almacena ms de 1.2 voltios, 0.1 amperios, 25 milivatios o 20 microjoules.

Ejemplos: suiches, termocuplas, diodos emisores de luz (LEDs), conectores, sensores termoresistivos (RTDs), potencimetros, etc..

Definiciones segn COVENIN 200


Aparato Asociado: Es aqul en el cual no es necesario que los circuitos sean de seguridad intrnseca por s mismos, sin embargo, afecta la energa en los circuitos de seguridad intrnseca y es responsable de mantener la seguridad intrnseca.
Una barrera de seguridad intrnseca, la cual es una red diseada para limitar la energa (tensin y corriente) a disposicin del circuito protegido en el rea clasificada, bajo condiciones de falla especfica, es un Aparato Asociado.

Barrera de Diodo Zener


Es la base de diseo de muchos dispositivos asociados. Su simple circuitera provee ciertos parmetros utilizados para evaluar el sistema. Tpicamente, poseen un fusible que protege a los diodos zener. Los diodos zener limitan el voltaje y la resistencia limita la corriente. Requieren una conexin a tierra de alta integridad.
Vmax=250V Isc R Lim. Diodos Zener Fusible

Voc

Corrient e de falla

Aterramiento de barreras zener


Para garantizar la seguridad, la barrera zener requiere que la tierra cumpla con lo siguiente:
Debe ser especfica para seguridad intrnseca Debe tener una resistencia inferior a 1 Debe ser chequeada peridicamente

HAZARDOUS AREA
Intrinsically Safe Apparatus Fault Zener Diode Barrier Fault current path

SAFE AREA
Safe Area Apparatus

Distribution System

Ground conductor for Intrinsic Safety Barriers <1 Reference Ground System

Barrera aislada galvnicamente


Las barreras aisladas utilizan el mismo principio de las zener, pero agrega otras caractersticas elctricas necesarias en muchas industrias. NO requieren conexin a tierra de alta integridad.
Vmax 250V max. Isc Voc Energy Limitation Circuit Galvanic Separation Amplifier Signal Transfer Protection Circuit Outpu t

Fuse Supply 24Vdc/120/240Va c

=
Main Transformer

Comparacin
Producto Barrera Zener Ventajas
Menor costo inicial Fcil de usar Ms compacta

Desventajas
Procedimiento de aterramiento Agregan impedancia al lazo Corriente de fuga Pruebas ms difciles

Barrera Galvnica

Ms fcil de seleccionar No requiere aterramiento IS Aislamiento Reduccin de ruido Independiente de la carga Mayor voltaje de salida

Mayor costo inicial Algunas veces requiere energizacin separada

Resumen
Las barreras de seguridad intrnseca limitan la energa hacia el rea clasificada. Las barreras operan en forma segura bajo diferentes escenarios de falla Se disean para operar muy por debajo de los lmites de ignicin. Cada barrera normalmente posee un conjunto de parmetros que definen los circuitos elctricos que se extienden hacia el rea clasificadas: Parmetros de Entidad.

Voc Isc Ca Po

Mximo voltaje a circuito abiero Mxima corriente de cortocircuito Mxima capacitancia permisible Mxima transferencia de potencia

La Mxima inductancia permisible

Aprobacin de Entidades
Consiste en una evaluacin en la cual la seguridad intrnseca del sistema es garantizada en base a la comparacin de parmetros elctricos.
Aparato de Seguridad Intrnseca Aparato Asociado Cable de Interconexin Parmetros del Cable Ccable Lcable 60pF/ft 0.2 H/ft

Parmetros de Entidad Vmax Imax Ci Li Pi

Parmetros de Entidad Voc Isc Ca La Po

Comparacin de Entidad
Vmax Voc Imax Isc Pi Po Ci +Ccable Ca Li +Lcable La

Reglas bsicas
I) Los instrumentos de campo deben ser aptos para instalacin en el rea clasificada respectiva. V) Los cables y terminales I.S. deben ser separados de los no-I.S. y claramente indentificados.

II) Los parmetros de seguridad de las barreras deben coincidir con las de los instrumentos. III) Los parmetros de los cables (L y C) deben ser tomados en cuenta para la evaluacin de seguridad del sistema. IV) Las barreras zener requieren de conexiones a tierra dedicadas, la cual debe estar aislada de otras tierras y conectada a la malla en un slo punto. La resistencia del conector de tierra debe ser menor a 1 .

VI) Los conductores de S.I. deben poseer aislamiento. Las pantallas (si existen) tambin deben ser aisladas y puestas a tierra en un slo punto. VII) Los equipos de sala de control no deben ser alimentados ni deben ser capaces de generar ms de 250 V. IX) Un documento descriptivo debe contener toda la informacin relevante para poder auditar la seguridad del sistema.

Aplicacin en Redes de Campo


Concepto de Entidad Sume todas las Ci y Li de los instrumentos Smele Lcable, Ccable Compare todos los Vmax e Imax de los instrumentos con respecto a los parmetros de entidad de la fuente de poder Evale: Voc < Vmax Isc < Imax (individualmente) P0 < Pi (individualmente) Ca > Ci + Ccable La > Li + Lcable

Proceso tedioso y lento !

Aplicacin en Redes de Campo


FISCO - Antecedentes Los usuarios demandan la instalacin de ms dispositivos de campo por cada fuente de poder de seguridad intrnseca. PTB (agencia de certificaciones alemana) desarroll pruebas para encontrar una solucin a las necesidades de simplificacin y mayor consumo de corriente. El resultado es el FISCO (Fieldbus Intrinsically Safe COncept): IEC 60079-27

Aplicacin en Redes de Campo


FISCO - Concepto Los instrumentos son diseados para un conjunto de parmetros dados: Ci y Li deben ser despreciables (Li 10 H, Ci 5nF) Conjunto acotado de parmetros de cables (mxima longitud total = 1000 mts, mxima longitud de spurs = 60 mts, slo cable tipo A) Unicamente comparacin individual de Vmax, Imax y Pi contra la fuente Todas las comparaciones de C y L se eliminan debido a que los parmetros de los cables y dispositivos de campo son conocidos

Ms sencillo y de ms rpida aplicacin!

Aplicacin en Redes de Campo


FNICO - Concepto Fieldbus Non-Incendive Concept es una tcnica non-incendive, por tanto slo aplica en reas Div. 2 Basado en FISCO pero con un factor de seguridad menor, lo que permite manejar ms corriente en Div. 2 (hasta 215 mA para un mximo de 10 dispositivos) Cableado simplificado (no conduits, etc.) cuando se combina con dispositivos I.S. o FISCO Mantenimiento en caliente, similar a Seguridad Intrnseca

Aplicacin en Redes de Campo


High Power Trunk Concept

Power Supply

Cables

Junction Box

Segment Protector

FieldBarrier

Term.

Field Devices

Field Devices

Field Devices

Field Devices

Field Devices

Field Devices

Aplicacin en Redes de Campo

Field Barrier en Aplicaciones Div. 1


Power Supply

FieldBarrier Junction Box Ex i

FieldBarrier Junction Box Ex i

FieldBarrier Junction Box Ex i

Zona 2 Clase I/Div2 High power Trunk: Spurs I.S. -Hasta 30V/500mA -Simplex o redundante -Mayor confiabilidad -Cables ms largos -Mximo nmero de dispositivos de campo -Autodiagnstico Clase I/Div 1 -Topologa uniforme
Field Devices Proteccin contra cortocircuitos Aislamiento

Proteccin en el campo: -Spurs protegidos contra cortocircuitos -Salidas de S.I. mantenimiento en caliente -Aislamiento galvnico entre el trunk y spurs -Proteccin contra punto nico de falla -Diferentes estilos
Field Devices Field Devices Field Devices Field Devices

Field Devices

Aplicacin en Redes de Campo

Field Barrier en Aplicaciones Zona 1


Power Supply

FieldBarrier Junction Box Ex i

FieldBarrier Junction Box Ex i

FieldBarrier Junction Box Ex i

High power Trunk: Spurs I.S. -Hastao 30V/500mA -Simplex o redundante -Mayor confiabilidad -Cables ms largos -Mximo nmero de dispositivos Zone 1 de campo -Autodiagnstico -Topologa uniforme
Field Devices

Proteccin contra cortocircuitos

Aislamiento

Proteccin en el campo: -Spurs protegidos contra cortocircuitos -Salidas de S.I. mantenimiento en caliente -Aislamiento galvnico entre el trunk y spurs -Proteccin contra punto nico de falla -Diferentes estilos
Field Devices Field Devices Field Devices Field Devices

Field Devices

Instalaciones FISCO

Instalaciones High Power Trunk Concept

Traditional vs High Power Trunk


Traditional Solution: Low or very low power for NI and IS applications Low efficiency Centralized architecture (IS or NI protection done in the Control room) More cabinet space req. More Hardware required Mixed Topologies No redundancy (NI and IS) Limited or no diagnostic Almost no FNICO devices available High Power Trunk: More than enough power for ALL applications High efficiency Distributed architecture (IS or NI protection done in the field) Less hardware required Same topology for ALL applications Fully redundant for ALL applications Superior online diagnostic Compatible with ALL instruments

Summary

PEPPERL+FUCHS

High Power Trunk References

Training Seminar

FF Projects with High Power Trunk in the Middle East


Qatar gas 2 development (QGX), Qatargas, Qatar, with Emerson DeltaV Qatar gas 3+4 (QCS), Qatargas, Qatar, with Emerson DeltaV Olefins 8, PVC Complex, Arvant PC Company, Iran, with ABB AC800F Abqaiq RO plant, Saudi Aramco, KSA, with Yokogawa Centum 3000 Olefin 10, Butadiene unit, Jam PC Company, Iran, with Yokogawa Centum 3000 Jubail - Refinery Expansion Project 3, SASREF, KSA, with Yokogawa Centum 3000 Jebel Ali Condensate Refinery Phase 2, ENOC, UAE, with Yokogawa Centum 3000 Aromatics III, Bou Ali Sina PC Company, Iran, with Yokogawa Centum 3000 PetroRabigh Petrochemical Complex, PetroRabigh (JV Aramco + Sumitomo), KSA, with Emerson DeltaV PIDEC 3rd Ammonia, Razi PC Company, Iran, with Yokogawa Centum 3000 Harweel Phase 1, PDO, Oman, with Yokogawa Centum 3000 Yibal Project, PDO, Oman, with Emerson Delta V Jampol + Marapol, NPC, Iran, witch Yokogawa Centum 3000 Sasref Refinery Expansion, Sasref (JV Aramco + Shell), KSA, with Yokogawa Centum 3000 Zagros II, MegaMethanol Plant, Zagros Petrochemical Company, Iran, with Yokogawa Centum 3000 Yibal Gathering Station, PDO, Oman, with Emerson Delta V Riyadh Refinery Tankfarm Project, Saudi Aramco, KSA, with Yokogawa Centum 3000

1) Note: Scope of P+Fs supply is available upon request

High Power Trunk Market Penetration


All of the world largest Foundation Fieldbus Projects have been engineered around the usage of High Power Trunk. Sakhalin II + LNG, Sakhalin Island Russia, 8.000 FF devices NAM-GLT, NAM, Netherlands, 10.000 FF devices PetroRabigh, Saudi Arabia, 16.000 FF devices Jam Nagar JERP Project, Reliance, India, 50.000 FF devices Block 18, Greater Plutonian, Angola, 5.500 FF devices SASREF IMP II, SASREF, 8.000 FF devices Pearl GTL Qatar, Shell Qatar Petroleum, ca. 20.000 FF devices Khurais Full Field, Saudi Aramco, 20.000 FF devices

High Power Trunk Market Penetration


Below shown end-users (amongst many others) have standardised on High Power Trunk within applications with Foundation Fieldbus.

Agenda
Presentacin Introduccin: Conceptos Bsicos Diseo de la Capa Fsica Seguridad Intrnseca Seleccin de Componentes de Capa Fsica

Connecting Fieldbus Power and Knowledge

www.fieldconnex.info

From Top to Bottom... Pepperl+Fuchs


Power Supplies

Cables

Junction Boxes

Segment Protectors

FieldBarrier

Term.

Surge Protect. Fieldbus Process Interfaces

Field Devices

Field Devices

Field Devices

Field Devices

Fieldbus Power Hub


Modular Power Supply
Complies with new Foundation FF- 831 PS test Spec.

For 1 or 2 or 4 Fieldbus segments Redundant or simplex Motherboard concept, passive components CREST Cross talk, Resonance Suppression Technology Fault output via Diagnostic Module Host connection via System Cable (customized solutions) Optional Trunk / Shield Termination Complies with new Foundation FF-831 test specification

Motherboards and Power Supplies Manage the Physical Layer

Complies with new Foundation FF- 831 PS test Spec.

Page 112

Motherboards and Power Supplies

DCS Solutions for easy installation

DCS Solutions for easy installation for HONEYWELL

Fieldbus Power Hub


4 Hosts Redundant Power Fault 4 redundant Hosts Redundant Power Modules Redundant Power Fault

Diagnostic Module

4 Trunks

4 Trunks

Galvanically Isolated Power Module



High efficiency (85%), typ. 1.8W (23 V version) Green LED Two versions: 23V or 30V / 500mA Output Input Power - High voltage/current => long trunk cable CREST: Cross talk, Resonance Suppression Technology - Avoids resonances with bulk supply - Prevents crosstalk Red LED High start-up current Fault status - Designed for 32 devices Fully galvanically isolated (optional non-isolated version) Optional redundancy Low noise Fault LED, short-circuit / under voltage

Power Module (non-isolated)



Very high efficiency (91%), Max. 0.8W Green LED Input: 19.2 to 32 VDC Input Power Output: Input V minus 2.5V / 500mA - High voltage/current => long trunk cable CREST: Cross talk, Resonance Suppression Technology - Avoids resonances with bulk supply - Prevents crosstalk Red LED Optional redundancy Fault status Load sharing Host trunk Protection (55mA) Fault LED, short-circuit / under voltage

The Need for Physical Layer Fieldbus Diagnostics


Intelligent Host: - Diagnostics - Asset Management - Redundancy - Predictive Maintenance
FF-H1 segment

Intelligent Field Devices: - Diagnostics - Asset Management - Predictive Maintenance

Physical Layer : - Equipment used today: Voltmeter, Oscilloscope, - Reactive Maintenance only

Fieldbus is tolerant to certain faults. But how do you detect them?

Practical Examples of Common Problems


Loose wire

Intermittent communications Can lead to an signal unbalance Intermittent Noise on the bus The effects on signal quality

Internally modified
Electro-magnetic interference

The effects on communication

Wrong termination

Cable degradation

In most cases communications were still OK!

Page 120

The Pepperl + Fuchs Advanced Manage the Physical Layer Diagnostics Modules:

Ideal tools for all installations!


Page 121

Advanced Diagnostic Module


Part of the reliable Power Hub family of power conditioners Monitor and Measurement Power Hub Field instrument Segment Communication

Monitoring the physical Layer

Page 122

Diagnostic Module Advanced Version

Detailed online physical layer diag. such as: - Ground fault and jitter detection - Cable polarity detection - Base line and alarm set points - Load and noise monitoring - Built-in Fieldbus signal display (oscilloscope) Upgradeable from basic diagnostic module RS-485/EtherNet communication Great tool for start up validation, commissioning, online monitoring, preventive maintenance and troubleshooting!

Diagnostic Module Basic Version



Trunk under voltage alarm Green LEDs Input Power Trunk over current alarm Bulk power supply under voltage alarm Monitors up to 8 power modules and checks for consistecy Alarm relay output LEDs for status and fault indication for - Primary and secondary bulk power - Trunk fault

Red LED common Fault State

Measurements Tools of the Trade


Segment voltage Segment current Segment noise (low freq.) Segment noise (high freq.) Segment signal level Segment signal jitter Instrument signal level Instrument signal jitter Instrument noise (individual) Fieldbus termination Segment earth fault (imbalance) Device communication Communication faults Cable degradation (trending) Device configuration Remote access
Supported = Result incomplete

Multimeter

Handheld Tester

Handheld Communicator

Oscilloscope

Notebook Bus Analyzer

Advanced Diagnostic Module

Requires shutdown

Fully supported

Advanced Diagnostic Module


Innovative Diagnostic Bus
Host Communication Dedicated Diagnostic Bus

RS 485 Ethernet a very cost effective solution & allows for Remote Access
No additional communication bandwidth on the H1 bus Eliminate the chance a troubleshooting connection possibly causing a short Access to extremely detailed diagnostic information available through the Fieldbus Oscilloscope Easily integrated alarm data in to OPC

Mobile Advanced Diagnostic Mobile DiagnosticModule Module


Portable Module for 1 segment USB powered Stationary use by separately powered 20V- 30V Functionality nearly identical to the Power Hub Diagnostic Module (doesn't support Power Hub specific diagnostics or measure segment current)

USB interface

Fieldbus interface

Bulk Power
Page 127

Expert Diagnostic Software


Accelerate Installations
Fast track commissioning Wizard Plug the module in and the wizard does the rest!! Automatic evaluation and identification of problem areas Baseline values are stored in non volatile memory

Expert Diagnostic Software


Quickly Pinpoint Problematic Nodes
Current faults Current faults with time stamp Possible failures and tips how to solve them

Past Failures with time stamp

Page 129

Expert Diagnostic Software


Fieldbus Oscilloscope
Fieldbus specific trigger!

Page 130

Actual Installation

Actual Diagnostics

Indication of User defined Warnings

Blue indication for Low or High Maintenance Required warnings

Example: Out of Specification


Signal level is out of specification 1 fieldbus terminator is missing

Snapshot Explorer

Print out

Save as e.g. pdf-file or exporting all

Export the the Snapshot to Microsoft Excel.

History Data Export

P+F Fieldbus Diagnostics


Segment Checker + Diagnostic Tool Alarms via OPC into DCS And/Or Via relais contact Converter RS-485 to RS-232 RS-232 to USB RS-485 to Ethernet
RS-485 max. 31 backplanes

Diagnostic Module

Diagnostic Link

Bulk Power Supply


N+1 Redundancy/Load Sharing 3 or 6 Position Subrack for 115/230 V Parallel or Serial Alarms via Jumper

Segment Protector Segment Protectors


Features: Short circuit protected spurs (<45 mA) Nonincendive spurs => live maintenance in Div.2! 4,6,8,10 and 12 spur versions Cable gland or connector versions For general purpose and Class I, Div.2 appl. Built in selectable terminator IP 67 (Type 4X), salt water resistant housing or DIN rail/cabinet mountable version

Function and Form


Smart fieldbus wiring block Number of outputs: 412 Short-circuit protection Energy limitation for Zone 2 / Div. 2 For cabinet installation

Supports the High-Power Trunk


Achieves:
DCS

Longest cable run Highest no. of devices

Method:
High energy on the Trunk Ex nL: Energy limitation at each Spur via Segment Protector
Ex nA Ex nL Live working on field devices permitted without gas clearance

Zone 2/Class I, Div 2

Non-incendive equipment
Power Supply

Non-Incendive Fieldbus
Associated Nonincendive Field Wiring Apparatus

Voc

Vout

Div.2 wiring method for high power trunk per NEC: -PLTC or ITC cable/wire tray -Armored cable or conduit

Segment Protector

Vmax Voc = Vout


Note:

(General purpose wiring)

OK to do Live maintenance!
The max. spur length per Fieldbus spec for type A cable is 120m. Therefore for practical purposes the L and C evaluation can be neglected due to the very short cable length on the spurs. Field Devices

Non-incendive field wiring

Vmax

Zone 2 Class I/Div2

Non-incendive field wiring apparatus or Intrinsically Safe Device

See also: NEC Article 500, ISA 12.12.01-20XX

Simple Installation and Commissioning

Innovative T-Connector for the trunk


One pre-determined place for the fieldbus termination
Disconnect of the Segment Protector itself Network communication remains in operation

High-reliability fieldbus termination


Matrix of capacitors & resistors create superior termination

Reliable Operation
Replace or add field devices during normal operation Plug-in terminals with retaining screws LEDs indicate status Test points at trunk and spur

Advantages
Easy to use and install Excellent protection for your fieldbus Installations

Sample of GRP enclosure

Engineered Solution includes GRP Enclosure Fieldbus components Terminations system Wiring Diagram Parts List

Sample of Standard Junction Box

Features: 4 short circuit, current limited IS outputs Connects 4 IS (Entity or FISCO) field devices Galva. isolation between non-IS trunk and IS spurs 40 mA per spur (typically 1 device) 120 m (393 ft) max. spur length Built-in selectable terminator Div.2/Zone 1 mountable IP 67 (Type 4X), salt water resistant housing or DIN rail/cabinet mountable version

FieldBarrier

Advantage: Field mountable Built in IS Barrier Creates isolated spurs for a secure network Provides Class I Div.1 outputs

Valve Coupler

Discrete I/O

Features: 4 channel on/off valve coupler For retrofitting standard valves for FF Bus powered Must be used with low power solenoids Can be used with mechanical contacts Field mountable (Division 1) Superior diagnostic

Advantage: Uses less Function Blocks than FF valves - gets more valves on H1 Cost effective solution to convert standard valves into Smart valves for Preventive maintenance.

Remote I/O

Surge Protection

Features: Fieldbus surge protection barriers For general purpose and IS applications Two part construction: DIN-rail mountable base module Removable protection module Optional: special base module, which allows for change of protection module

without signal interruption Advantage: Compact, space saving footprint (12mm wide) Affordable and reliable surge protection for Fieldbus installations

Cordsets/Ext. Cables

Features: 2,5,10 m or custom length Mini (7/8) or Micro (M12) connector styles Stainless steel or Epoxy coated, coupling nuts Extension cables and Cordsets Black connectors with orange/blue cable Type A Fieldbus cable

Advantage: Easy to install Fieldbus wiring concept Plug & Play Eliminates wiring errors For IS and non-IS applications Cost effective.

Connectors and Cable



Features: Connector Lock for two step disconnect Mini and Micro field attachables (SS or Brass) Mini instrument attachables (SS or Aluminum) Connector covers Type A Fieldbus bulk cable

Mini Junction Tee (SS or Aluminum) Advantage:

FieldConnex One source for all your Fieldbus installation needs.

Terminators

Features: Terminates the H1 fieldbus Din-rail mountable Screw-in version for field device For IS and non-IS applications
Every Fieldbus installation needs terminators Cost effective solution to terminate H1 bus Easy to install.

Advantage:

Power Repeaters Isolated IS/NI Power Supplies



Features: Provide galvanic isolation between two segments Supply power to a new segment Refresh communication Signals Extend the length of a fieldbus segment Built-in terminator on field side Selectable terminator on Host side FM approved

4 Versions: 70 mA (IS/Entity), 100 mA (IS/FISCO), 215 mA (non- incendive/Div.2), 400 mA (non-IS)

Segment Checker

Assists Engineers in segment design, current consumption and cable length calculations www.segmentchecker.com

Documentation and tools


Fieldbus Troubleshooting Manual Fieldbus wiring and installation guide Pre-Engineering documents Users manuals for all FieldConnex products More documentation at: www.fieldconnex.info

SUMMARY

From Top to Bottom... Pepperl+Fuchs


Power Supplies

Cables

Junction Boxes

Segment Protectors

FieldBarrier

Term.

Surge Protect. Fieldbus Process Interfaces

Field Devices

Field Devices

Field Devices

Field Devices

GRACIAS

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi