Intro to Computer Networking

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Doug Prouty Contra Costa County Office of Education dprouty@cccoe.k12.ca.us

Is this your desk?

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Then you are in the wrong session

Agenda
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 Wiring & Infrastructure

Network Appliances
Servers oProxy/Cache oMail and Web oFilters oVirus Protection - Operating Systems oWindows 2000, NT oApple

Cat5e and standards for wiring Patch panels and face plates Tools and Terminations 568A vs 568B & crossovers

Hubs and Switches

Segmentation and the difference 10BaseT, 100BaseT, and Gigabit 4 repeater rule Connection and uplinks Wireless

Software

Routers and Bridges

General function and uses Collision vs Broadcast domains VLANS

Management Sniffing Network Utilities traceroute, etc. A typical school Issues

Design Considerations

Web Resources by Author

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Feed Your Need for Speed http://www.cccoe.k12.ca.us/speed Networks http://www.cccoe.k12.ca.us/networks

Basic LAN Configuration

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Cat5 Patch Chords

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RJ45 connectors 8 wires (4 pairs) Twisted for interference

Cut, Strip & Crimp Tools

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Make your own patch cords Cuts and strips pairs RJ45 end crimped onto ends of wire

Faceplates
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Mounts on or in wall or in raceway Receives patch cords

Fiber Optics
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Handles speeds in the Gigabits Tough to selfterminate

Fiber Patch Cords

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$30 Ends are either SC or ST Connects switches & fast backbones

Patch Panel
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Termination punchdown in back Patch cord plugin in front

Punch Down Tool

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Terminates wires to back of patch panels

Raceway
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Mounts to walls Cleans up wiring Can hold face plates

Wiring Infrastructure
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Mounted and permanent Allows patching Comfort that infrastructure is OK

Wire Testing Equipment

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Test wire for correct termination of 8 wires Test for speed capabilities i.e. WaveTek Brand

Cat5 Twisted Pair

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UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair Category rating based on number of twists per inch 4 pairs 8 wires

Color Codes
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Crossover 13 26

Making Cables
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Cabling Rules
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1. Try to avoid running cables parallel to power cables. 2. Do not bend cables to less than four times the diameter of the cable. 3. If you bundle a group of cables together with cable ties (zip ties), do not over-cinch them. You should be able to turn the tie with fingers. 4. Keep cables away from devices which can introduce noise into them. Here's a short list: copy machines, electric heaters, speakers, printers, TV sets, fluorescent lights, copiers, welding machines, microwave ovens, telephones, fans, elevators, motors, electric ovens, dryers, washing machines, and shop equipment. 5. Avoid stretching UTP cables (tention when pulling cables should not exceed 25 LBS). 6. Do not run UTP cable outside of a building. It presents a very dangerous lightning hazard! 7. Do not use a stapler to secure UTP cables. Use telephone wire/RJ6 coaxial wire hangers which are available at most hardware stores.

Software
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Standard Network
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Fiber uplink MDF Switch IDF Switch

Workstations Faceplates

Internet Service Provider

Patch Cords

Router Telco Provider CSU/DSU

Patch Panel

Wireless Access Point

Shared Media Hub

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All devices share 10Mbs access

10 BaseT

Server or Hub/Switch

Workstations and/or Network Devices No segmentation = Flat

All devices see traffic from other devices

Four Repeater Rule

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Hubs

Main Distribution Frame

IDF Closet

<100 meters

Classroom

Switching
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Same function as a hub Divides network into segments Each port gets dedicated bandwidth 10Mbs & 100Mbs Learns addresses RTMP & Spanning Tree Reduces collisions and allows parallel traffic

Switched Hub
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Segments only see traffic addressed for their devices

All devices share 100Mbs access

10 BaseT & one 100 BaseT

Server or Hub/Switch

Workstations and/or Network Devices

Dedicated 10Mbs

Solution to Repeater Rule

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Switch

Main Distribution Frame

IDF Closet

Hubs Classroom

Routers
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Multilingual border guard Reads packet addressing and directs data Discards frame, repackages & retransmits data May not pass all packets Hide devices Chooses most efficient route

Bridges
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Mono-lingual border guard Manages traffic between two networks by reading packet destination address Address tables Passes along broadcasts Cant hide devices Link fast local network to slower longdistance network

SNMP
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Simple Network Management Protocol

Agents gather data from the network in MIBS
Management Information Bases

Every port and packet monitored and measured Control from one location In Band or Out of Band management

Collision and Broadcast Domains

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Switch or Bridge

Hub
Devices Collision Domains

Broadcast Domain

2
Router

Network Appliances
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Types of Servers
Proxy/Cache Firewall Mail and Web Filter virus Protection

Proxy Server
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Acts as an intermediary between a workstation user and the Internet so that the site can ensure security, administrative control, and caching service. A proxy server is associated with or part of a gateway server that separates the enterprise network from the outside network.

Cache Server
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A cache server is a server relatively close to Internet users that saves (caches) Web pages and possibly FTP and other files that users have requested. Successive requests for these pages or files can be satisfied by the cache server rather than requiring the use of the Internet. A cache server not only serves its users by getting information more quickly but also reduces Internet traffic.

Firewall
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A firewall, working closely with a router program, examines each network packet to determine whether to forward it toward its destination. A firewall is often installed in a specially designated computer separate from the rest of the network so that no incoming request can get directly at private network resources.

Mail and Web Server

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A Web server is a program that, using the client/server model and the World Wide Web's Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), serves the files that form Web pages to Web users. Every computer on the Internet that contains a Web site must have a Web server program.

Filters
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Virus
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Software
0011 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 0010 Sam Spade

network query tool http://www.samspade.org/ssw/ NeoTrace Express You can trace any computer on the internet simply by entering an email, IP address or URL http://www.neoworx.com/products/ntx/ OTTool 1.0 from Neon Software Inc. makes DNS queries, pings devices, traceroutes and scans ranges of IP addresses ftp://ftp2.neon.com/pub/goodies/OTTool11.sit.hqx WhatRoute 1.5.0b5(PPC) http://crash.ihug.co.nz/~bryanc/

Resources
About.coms Computer Networking http://compnetworking.about.com/ 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 Networks for Beginners http://www.rad.com/networks/1997/nettut/mai nmenu.html Network Monitoring and Alerting Software Intermapper http://www.dartware.com/ A Guide to Networking for K-12 Schools http://www.netc.org/network_guide/ An Educators Guide to School Networks http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/network/ Hardware and Software How-to Articles http://www.duxcw.com/digest/Howto/index.ht ml