Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women in the Context of the Implementation of the Millennium Development Goals

2010 High-level Segment Economic and Social Council New York, 28 June 2 July
Annual Ministerial Review : Nacional Voluntary Presentation

GUATEMALA

Guatemala: an unequal and diverse country

Population: 14.4 million o 51.2% women, 48.8% men o 38.4% indigenous, 61.6% non-indigenous Post Conflict and Democracy: o 36 years of armed conflict (1960-1996) o 1985: First civilian government elected o 1996: Signing of Peace Agreements Human Development Index: ranks 118 (0,689) Gini Coefficient for Income Distribution: 0.55 One of the most vulnerable countries in terms of Climate Change

Status of women in Guatemala

Social Poverty exclusion

Political

Gender relatioships
Economic

Situation of systematical disadvantages for women

Ethnic Discrimination

Exclusion and discrimination

Geographical exclusion Cultural

Trends in selected indicators, Millennium Goals Situation of Women 1990-2010

Gender Gaps
Target 6A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV / AIDS

Source: National Epidemiology Center, Ministry of Health

Gender Gaps Target 1B: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people

Source: INE-ENCOVI, 2006

Gender Gaps Target 1B: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people

Intra-gender Gaps Goal 5: Improve maternal health

Source: National Epidemiology Center, Ministry of Health, 2008

Income / Population Ratio: Employed persons between the ages of 15 and 65 by sex and ethnic identity

Source: ENCOVI, 2006

Sustained increase of women meeting violent deaths

Harassment Prolonged abuse Psychological pressure Physical and sexual violence Femicide

Social Indifference Limited institutional response capacity Four decades of internal armed conflict

A total of 4,602 cases of women meeting violent deaths are registered between 2001 to 2009

Source: PNC, 2007.

Decision-Making
Percentage of Women with a seat in Congress
1986: 7% 2008: 12% (19 non-indigenous, 4 indigenous)

Participation in Departmental Development Councils (CODEDE)

2009: 190 women / 861 men 53 indigenous women / 137 non indigenous women

Participation in Local Government

2007 Elections: 6 of 333 mayoralties / municipal councils (1.8%) 235 representation in municipal corporations (5.84%)
Source: TSE, 2007, Segeplan, 2010

Advances for Womens Equality

Beijing Declaration (1995)

Peace Agreements (1996)

National Womens Forum (1997)

Millennium Development Goals (MDG) (2000)

Social Development Law (2001)

National Policy for the Advancement and Integral Development of Guatemalan Women
(2001)

Institutional Framework -Presidential Secretariat for Women

MDG and Sectoral Programmes linked with gender policy and MDG.

50% of policies include guidelines and actions to promote gender and ethnic equality.

Links between the National Policy for the Advancement and Integral Development of Women and the MDGs
Pillars of the National Policy for the Advancement and Integral Development of Women Economic development Natural resources Educational equity Health equity Erradication of violence against women Legal equity Racism and discrimination Cultural Development Equity in employment Institutional mechanisms Sociopolitical participation Cultural identity of Maya, Garfuna and Xinka women X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X MDG 1 X 2 3 X X 4 5 6 7 8

Links between MDG reports and policy making

COST EFFECTIVE VARIABLES /MDG Report 2006 Children with access to GROWTH MONITORING Mothers with access to the BREASTFEEDING Programmes Pregnant women with access to PRENATAL CARE Mothers with access to POST-NATAL CARE Households with well or tap (access to PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY) Households with LATRINE (access to wastepipe) GOVERNMENTAL PROGRAMMES Mi familia progresa conditional cash transfer Nutrition and Food Security Reproductive Health Agua Fuente de Paz Water and Drainage for Human Development

Access to HEALTH-CARE SERVICES, clinics, health-care centers and hospitals

Access to SCHOOLS

Reinstatement of free public services, provision of ambulances, 24-hour care

Reinstatement of free public services, loans, grants, Primary school students receiving ACADEMIC INCENTIVES scholarships Parents educational level (+parental illiteracy-childrens Free of charge Literacy education) Households with ELECTRICITY Electric Supply for Rural Areas

Lessons Learned
Alliances between womens organizations and public institutions

Alliances between women and other marginalized groups.

State-initiated action benefiting women creates new opportunities for participation.

Pemanent female representation in local governments and territories.

Challenges for the Country

The pace of progress is extremely slow for Guatemala to achieve the MDGs and gender equity.
The adverse economic climate Historical reluctance to increase the countrys tax rate.

More efficient and effective management of development on behalf of the State

Improve actions of public policies to achieve gender empowerment. To strengthen the planning system at both territorial and sectoral levels. To mainstream womens rights into the public policy agenda, the legal and institutional framework, the organizational culture and administrative practices.

Continuing the efforts of alignment, harmonization and appropriation in the area of international cooperation. Improving transparency, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms.

Effects of Guatemalas disaster vulnerability on the achivement of MDGs and gender equity

Secretariat for Planning and Programming Republic of Guatemala Segeplanwww.segeplan.gob.gt