P L A N Planning N I Karisse A. De Jesus, R.N. N Tammy S. De Guzman, R.N.

G
Tammy S. De Guzman, R.N.

Learning Objectives:

Understand what planning is and its importance. Identify the scopes of planning Be able to know what a good plan is. Be able to identify and analyze different types of planning. Be able to know the steps in Strategic Planning as well as its elements. Be able to know the importance of Budgeting.

PLANNING
Management Function

Definition
Is predetermining a course of action in order to arrive at desired results. Deciding in advance what to do, who is to do it, how, where, & when to do it. CONTINIOUS PROCESS OF : Assessing Establishing Goals and Objectives Implementing Evaluating --which is subject to change as new facts are known

Components of Planning
PLANNING: PREDETERMINED ACTION

WHAT TO DO: -nursing activities

HOW TO DO IT: -technique, principles

WHEN TO DO IT: -time and date

WHO IS TO DO IT: -professional, nonprofessional

Scopes of Planning
Top Management (Nursing Directors, Chief Nurses, Directors of Nursing and their Assistant)
Set the over-all goals and policies of the organization Scope of responsibility is the over-all management of the organization.

Middle management (Nursing Supervisor)

Direct the activities that actually implement the operating policies such as staffing and delivery of services to the units headed by the Senior of Head Nurses. Formulation of policies, rules and regulations methods and procedures for personnel for intermediate level planning for ongoing activities and projects are done in coordination with top management and those in the lower level.

Lower or First Level Management (Head Nurses or Senior Nurses (including Charge Nurses or team leader.

Do the daily schedules or weekly plans for the administration of direct patient care in their respective units

Principles of Planning
1.

Planning is always based and focused on the vision, mission, philosophy, and clearly defined objectives of the organization. Planning is a continuous process. Planning should be pervasive within the entire organization covering the various departments, services and the various levels of management to provide maximal cooperation and harmony.

2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

Planning utilizes all available resources. Planning must be precise in its scope and nature. Planning should be time bounded.
Operational planning a short range planning that deals with day to
day maintenance activities.

Strategic planning a long range planning usually extending 3 to 5

years into the future.

7.

Projected plans must be documented for proper dissemination to all concerned for implementation and implementation as to the extent of its achievement.

Purpose for Planning

It leads to success in the achievements of goals and objectives It provides meaning to work It provides for the effective use of available personnel and facilities It helps nurses cope with crises and problems calmly and efficiently It is cost effective It is based on past and future activities It reduces the element of change It is necessary for effective control

Characteristics of a GOOD PLAN

It should have a clearly worded objectives, including results and methods for evaluation Be guided by policies and/or procedures affecting the planned action Indicate priorities Develop actions that are flexible and realistic in terms of available personnel, equipment, facilities and time Develop a logical sequence of activities

Select the most practical methods for achieving each objective Develop actions that are flexible and realistic in terms of available personnel, equipment, facilities and time

Types of Planning
STRATEGIC OR LONG-RANGE PLANNING
What are the right things to do? Usually extending 3 to 5 years into the future.

OPERATIONAL OR SHORT-RANGE PLANNING

how does one do things right deals with day to day maintenance activities.

CONTINUOUS OR ROLLING PLANS

similar to operating plans, involves mapping out the day-to-day activities.

Steps in Strategic Planning

1. 2.

Clearly define the purpose of the organization Establish realistic goals and objectives consistent with the mission of the organization

3. 4.

Identify stakeholders
Clearly communicate the goals and objectives to the stakeholder Develop sense of ownership of the plan

5.

6. 7. 8.

Develop strategies to achieve goals Ensure that the most effective use of resources Provide base from which progress can be measured

9.

Provide mechanism for inform change as needed

Build a consensus about where an organization is going

10.

Elements of Planning

Forecasting or Estimate the future Setting the Vision, Mission, Philosophy, Goal and Objectives Developing and Scheduling Programs Time management Prepare the Budget and Allocation of Resources Establish Policies Procedures and Standards

 FORECASTING
Forecasting

is looking into the future

Helps

manager look into the future and decide in advance WHERE the organization would like to be and WHAT is to be done in order to get there
must be supported by facts, reasonable estimates and accurate reflection of policies and plans

Forecast

Elements of Planning

 SETTING

THE VISION, MISSION, PHILOSOPHY, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

VISION

A vision is an image without great detail, It acts as a flag around which the troops will rally
-

Michael Hammer

Organizations future role and function

What do you want to create within a certain period of time? What do you want to be? Where do you want to be?

Elements of Planning

MISSION

Empowering mission statements focus on contributions, on worthwhile purposes that create a collective deep burning Yes! They come from the hearts and minds of everyone involved

- Stephen Covey

Agencys reason for existence

Who are our primary clients/ customers? What are the major products & services? What are the organizations basic technologies?

PHILOSOPHY
Describes the vision A statement of beliefs and values that directs ones life or practice The sense of purpose of the organization and the reason behind its structure and goal

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Action commitments through which an organizations mission and purpose will be achieved and philosophy or belief be sustained
Goals: more general and cover a broad area; Objectives : more specific ; it is recommended to be: Achievable, Specific, Measurable, and Outcome Oriented

 DEVELOPING

AND SCHEDULING STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMS

Programs are predetermined, developed and targeted within a time frame to reach the set goals and objectives.

The Planning Formula WHAT WHEN STRATEGY WHERE is the techniques, methods, or HOW procedure by which the overall WHO plan of the higher management WHY achieve desired objectives. CAN

PROGRAMS

are activities put together to facilitate attainment of some desired goals.

Elements of Planning

 TIME

MANAGEMENT

A technique for allocating ones time through the:

Setting of goals Assigning priorities Identifying and eliminating wasted time Using managerial techniques to reach goals efficiently

Elements of Planning

PRINCIPLES OF TIME MANAGEMENT

Anticipates the problems that will arise from actions without thought. Task to be accomplished should be done in sequence and prioritized Setting deadlines in ones work and adhering to them is an excellent exercise in self-discipline

Deferring, postponing or putting off decisions, actions or activities can become habit which can cause loss of opportunities and productivity
Delegation permits manager to take authority for decision making and assign task to the lowest level possible consistent with judgment, facts and experience

 PREPARE

THE BUDGET OR ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES

BUDGET is the annual operating plan, a financial road map and plan which serves as an estimate for future costs and a plan for utilization of manpower, material and other resources to cover capital projects in the operating programs.

A nursing budget is a plan for allocation of resources based on preconceived needs for a proposed series of programs to deliver patient care during one fiscal year. A hospital budget is a financial plan to meet future service expectations.

Elements of Planning

PREREQUISITES TO BUDGETING

Sound organizational structure with clear line of authority and responsibility. Managerial Support

Formal budgeting policies and procedures must be reflected in the budgetary manual.

TYPES OF BUDGETS:

Capital - Long-range budgets (usually three years) that involve physical changes (e.g., space renovation, major equipment, inventories, and furniture) and the purchase of major capital item. Assets will depreciate over time. Operational - deals primarily with salaries, supplies, and contractual services. Personnel - estimate the cost of direct labor necessary to meet the agencys objectives. Flexible - some variable expenses that are unpredictable Cash Flow- Budget that accounts for the monthly expenditures and receipts to the department and/or organization. Cash flow is an important element. Operations are based on a complexity of fiscal considerations. Fixed Ceiling-A fixed ceiling budget is one in which the uppermost spending limit is set by the top executive who then asks managers to develop budget proposals for individual units.

 ESTABLISH

POLICIES, PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS

POLICIES Policies in general, they are guidelines to help in the safe and efficient achievement of organizational objectives.

Policy Manual must contain all the guides necessary to operate Nursing Service.

PROCEDURES Procedures are specific directions form implementing written policies. Procedure Manual must contain all necessary nursing procedure that are being performed
relative to patient care.

Elements of Planning

STANDARDS a practice that enjoys general recognition and conformity among professionals or an authoritative statement by which quality of practice or education can be judged
Nursing Care Standard a descriptive statement desired quality against which to evaluate nursing care Purpose of Nursing Standards
Improved quality of care Decrease the cost of nursing care Determine nursing negligence

Sources of nursing standards DOH, BON, Professional Organization, Nursing Programs

P L A N Planning N I Karisse A. De Jesus, R.N. N Tammy S. De Guzman, R.N. G

Tammy S. De Guzman, R.N.