Soils Engineering

Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Soil and Water Conservation Technician Development Program Level 2
Material prepared by The Engineering and Technical Assistance Section, Division of Soil & Water Conservation;. and in accordance with the general policies of the Natural Resource Conservation Service Ohio and the Ohio Department of Natural Resources for projects in the State of Ohio. Project and legal requirements may vary by County and in other States.

1. Soils Engineering, Aggregate, Rock, and Geotextile

TDP 2 - Soils Eng.

Introduction

Course Objectives
1. Review basic soil engineering definitions and concepts 2. Identify soils by a classification system (USCS) 3. Field identification and description of soils 4. Soil performance (stability, compaction, permeability)

5. Overview of compaction test (proctor and sand cone density)

6. Embankment design/failure 7. Aggregate quality and gradation 8. Rock Riprap quality and gradation 9. Geotextile types and uses
TDP 2 - Soils Eng. Introduction 3

Soils engineering is the application of soil to its use as a construction material and as a foundation for structures

TDP 2 - Soils Eng.

Introduction

Aggregate Gradation
Table 703-1 Sizes of Coarse Aggregate (AASHTO M 43)

Aggregate is a granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, that is classified as either fine or coarse.

Size Number 1 2 24 3 357 4 467 5 56 57 6 67 68 7 78 8 89 9 10

Nominal Size Square Openings (1) 3- /2 to 1- /2 2-1 /2 to 1-1 /2 3-1 /2 to 3/4 2 to 1 2 to No. 4 1-1 /2 to 3/4 1-1 /2 to No. 4 1 to 1 /2 1 to 3 /8 1 to No. 4
3 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 1

Amounts finer than each laboratory sieve (square openings), percentage by weight 4 100 3- /2 90 to 100 100 100
1

2- /2 25 to 60 90 to 100 90 to 100 100 100

1-1 /2 0 to 15

/4

/2

/8

No. 4

No. 8

No. 18

No. 50

No. 100

0 to 5 0 to 5 0 to 10 0 to 15 35 to 70 20 to 55 0 to 15 35 to 70 90 to 100 90 to 100 95 to 100 100 100 100 90 to 100 90 to 100 90 to 100 100 100 90 to 100 90 to 100 100 100 20 to 55 40 to 75 0 to 10 15 to 35 25 to 60 20 to 55 0 to 15 20 to 55 30 to 65 40 to 70 40 to 75 85 to 100 90 to 100 100 100 0 to 5 0 to 5 10 to 30 0 to 5 10 to 30 0 to 5 0 to 15 0 to 5 0 to 10 0 to 5 0 to 10 5 to 25 0 to 15 5 to 25 10 to 30 20 to 25 85 to 100 85 to 100 0 to 5 0 to 10 0 to 5 0 to 10 0 to 10 5 to 30 10 to 40 0 to 5 0 to 5 0 to 10 0 to 10 0 to 5 0 to 5 10 to 30 0 to 5 0 to 5 0 to 5 0 to 5

35 to 70 90 to 100 95 to 100 100 100

0 to 15 25 to 60 35 to 70 90 to 100 95 to 100 100 100 100

/4 to 3 /8

/4 to No. 4 /4 to No. 8 /2 to No. 4 /2 to No. 8 /8 to No. 8

/8 to No. 16

No. 4 to No. 16 No. 4 to No. 0 (2)

(1) In inches, except where otherwise indicated. Numbered sieves are those of the United States Standard Sieve Series. (2) Screenings

Where standard sizes of coarse aggregate designated by two or three digit numbers are specified, the specified gradation may be optained by combining the appropriate single digit standard size aggregates by a suitable proportioning divice which has a separate compartment for each coarse aggregate combined. The blending shall be done as directed by the Laboratory.

TDP 2 - Soils Eng.

Introduction

Rock Riprap
Quality Gradation ODOT Type A,B,C, & D Sources Placement

TDP 2 - Soils Eng.

Introduction

Geotextiles
Types Woven, Non-Woven Typical Uses Placement Specifications

TDP 2 - Soils Eng.

Introduction