SCADA

(SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION)

By: A RAKESH(05671A0232) EEE IV/IV Email: rakesh.sri.adepu@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION:SCADA stands for SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA

ACQUISITION Primary function -data acquisition from data flds called RTU(remote

terminal unit)
RTU scans analog data like current, vtg, active, reactive, apparent power, frequency, digital data of breakers It is used in industrial m/m and control s/m consisting of a central host master(MTU) s/m similar to scada s/m are routinely seen in factories, treatment plants Referred to distributed control systems(DCS) RTu communication may be via LOCAL AREA NETWORK(LAN)

 it is not an fully control s/m but it focuses on supervisory level It takes several i/p o/p channels SCADA s/m used to runs on DOS, VMS & UNIX

HISTORY:
Pvss as one of the SCADA products for the development of future control systems at CERN in On 20 Sept. 2000, the Finance Committee approved the proposal to negotiate a contract with ETM A.G SCADA systems have made substantial progress over the recent

years in terms of functionality, scalability,

SCADA architecture: SCADA developoed in morden technologies in three generations First Generation Monolithic Second Generation Distributed

Third Generation Networked

MONOLITHIC SCADA SYSTEMS: SCADA systems were first developed - computing in general centered on mainframe systems. SCADA systems were standalone systems with virtually no connectivity to other systems.

The Wide Area Networks (WANs) that were implemented to communicate with
remote terminal units (RTUs) single purpose in mindthat of communicating with RTUs in the field and nothing else

The communication protocols in use on SCADA networks were developed by vendors of RTU equipment . Redundancy in these first generation systems was accomplished by the use of two identically equipped mainframe systems, a primary and a backup, connected at the bus level. The standby systems primary function -monitor the primary and take over in the event

of a detected failure

DISTRIBUTED SCADA SYSTEMS:

The next generation of SCADA systems took advantage of

developments and improvement in system miniaturization and Local Area

Networking (LAN).Technology to distribute the processing across multiple systems

LANs are share the information with each other in real time
This Primarily communicating with field dives such as RTU HMI This distributed scada system improve the redundancy and reliability All the stations are online state al the time The WAN used to communicate with devices in the field were largely unchanged by the development of LAN connectivity between local stations at the SCADA master.

The second generation of SCADA systems was also limited to hardware, software, and peripheral devices that were provided or at least selected by the vendor.

NETWORKED SCADA SYSTEMS:

. The major improvement in the third generation is system architecture, utilizing open standards and protocols and making it possible to distribute SCADA functionality across a WAN and not just a LAN. These vendors have looked to system vendors such as Compaq, HewlettPackard, and Sun Microsystems for their expertise in developing the basic computer platforms and operating system software The major improved in third generation SCADA systems comes from the use of WAN protocols such as the Internet Protocol (IP) for communication between the master station and communications equipment (RTU) RTUs communicate with the master station using an Ethernet connection

Hardware Architecture SCADA products -CERN in view of their possible application to the control systems of the LHC detectors One distinguishes two basic layers in a SCADA system: "client layer" - caters for the human machine interaction and the "data server layer" handles the data control activities called controllers(PLCs)

SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE The products are multi-tasking and are based upon a real-time database (RTDB) located in one or more servers. Servers are responsible for data acquisition and handling INTERFACING SCADA to access devices in an open and standard manner is developing. An Open Data Base Connectivity (ODBC) interface to the data in thearchive/logs, but not to the configuration database, An application interfaces supporting C,C++ etc., Database Data are stored in a database that is logically centralized but physically distributed

Most of the SCADA products were decompose the process in "atomic" parameters to which a Tag-name is associated.

SCALABILITY Scalability is understood as the possibility to extend the SCADA based control system . The products achieve scalability by having multiple data servers connected to multiple controllers Each data server has it own RTDB configuration. REDUNDANCY The products often have built in software redundancy at a server level.

FUNCTIONALITY
ACCESS CONTROL which allocates the groups to read/write privileges

MMI: products supports multiple screens Most of the SCADA products that were evaluated decompose the process in "atomic" parameters Standard windows editing facilities are provided: zooming, re-sizing, scrolling

TRENDING The products all provide trending facilities and one can summaries the common capabilities zooming and scrolling functions are provided historical trending is possible for any archived parameter real-time and historical trending are possible ALARM HANDLING Alarm handling is based on limit and status checking and performed in the data servers they are logically handled centrally, i.e., the information only exists in one place and all users see the same status LOGGING/ARCHIVING Logging can be thought of as medium-term storage of data on disk, Archiving is long-term storage of data either on disk or on another permanent storage medium

REPORT GENERATION :reports using SQL type queries to the archive APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT PC tools now have a Windows Explorer An Application Program Interface (API) supporting C, C++, VB OBJECT HANDLING In general the products do not handle objects, but rather handle individual parameters, e.g., alarms are defined for parameters, logging is performed on parameters and control actions are performed on parameters EVOLUTION:as new technologies are concerned, the SCADA products are now adopting
Web technology, ActiveX, Java, etc. OPC as a means for communicating internally between the client and server modules

Engineering engineering activities specific to the use of a SCADA system are the definition of: a mechanism to prevent conflicting controls instructions on how to control e.g. a device templates for different types of "panels", e.g. alarms POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF SCADA Reliability and robustness Technical support and maintenance by the vendor A rich functionality and extensive development facilities FUTURE SCOPE: SCADA systems, (supervisory, control and data acquisition), play a vital role in the operation of electricity utilities. SCADA systems are used to monitor and control their equipment, which is usually spread over a large geographical area. installation in harsh electrical and physical environments

CONCLUSION

It is realized that SCADA systems play a vital role in power system operations viz load dispatch centre, substation automation and distribution automation. APCPDCL stands as one of the best state electricity distribution organizations in the country the exact status of breakers and helped a lot in reducing interruptions occurrence of sudden disturbances

Distribution automation through SCADA also reduces human influence and

errors. It offers complete power system controls and data acquisitions Mainly it provides the quality of power supply

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] A.Daneels, W.Salter, "Technology Survey Summary of Study Report", ITCO/98-08-09, CERN, Geneva 26th Aug 1998. [2] A.Daneels, W.Salter, "Selection and Evaluation of Commercial SCADA Systems for the Controls of the CERN LHC Experiments", Proceedings of the 1999 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, Trieste, 1999, p.353. [3] G.Baribaud et al., "Recommendations for the Use of Field buses at CERN in the LHC Era", Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, Beijing, 1997, p.285. [4] R.Barillere et al., "Results of the OPC Evaluation done within the JCOP for the Control of the LHC Experiments", Proceedings of the 1999 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, Trieste, 1999, p.511.