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Echocardiographic Examination
Echocardiographic Examination
The Windows (Transducer Location) 1.Parasternal 2.Apical
3.Subcostal
4.Suprasternal
Echocardiographic Examination
Echocardiographic Examination
Echocardiographic Examination
Echocardiographic Examination
Echocardiographic Examination
Echocardiographic Examination
Echocardiographic Examination
Echocardiographic Examination
Transducer motion
1.Translation (movement)
2.Tilting or pointing
3.Angulation 4.Rotation
Views
PLAX RVIT
Views
PSAX Aortic Valve PSAX Mitral Valve PSAX Papillary Muscle PSAX - Apex
Views
Apical 4-Chamber Apical 2-Chamber Apical 3-Chamber (Apical Long Axis) Apical 5 Chamber
Views
Subcostal 4 Chamber
Subcostal 5 Chamber
Subcostal Short Axis
Views
Septum
Chamber size
Valves
Subvalvular apparatus
Masses
PLAX View
PLAX View
PLAX View
PLAX
2-D Measurement
2-D Measurement
RVWd
RVIDd
2-D Measurement
IVSd
IVSs
M-mode Measurement
2-D Measurement
LVPWd LVPWs
RVIT
RVIT - Diameter
PSAX Diameter
PSAX Diameter
Evaluation of LV Mass
This is done by tracing the epicardial to calculate the total ventricular volume and the endocardial border to calculate chamber volume. LV mass = 1.05 (total volume chamber volume)
Evaluation of LV Mass
Total volume= Total area x length Chamber volume = Chamber area x Length
PSAX - Apex
Apical 4 Chamber
Apical 4 Chamber
RA and LA Area
Simpsons Rule
For this method, endocardial borders are traced in apical four-chamber and two-chamber views and are used to define a series of orthogonal diameters (a and b) as follows: V = (p ) S ai bi x (L) 4 20 Using 20 disk for i = 1 to i = 20 This calculation is done by computer software.
Simpsons
Apical 4-Chamber Diastole
Simpsons
Apical 4-Chamber Diastole
Simpsons
Apical 4-Chamber Systole
Simpsons
Apical 4-Chamber Systole
Simpsons
Apical 2 Chamber Diastole
Simpsons
Apical 2-Chamber Diastole
Simpsons
Apical 2-Chamber Systole
Simpsons
Apical 2-Chamber Systole
Apical 5-Chamber
Wall Segments
In the short axis view at the base (MV), the LV is divided into:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Anterior wall Lateral wall Posterior wall Inferior wall Interior septal wall Anterior septal wall
Wall Segments
In the short axis view at the mid-left ventricle (the papillary muscle level), the LV is divided into:
1.
2.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Anterior wall Lateral wall Posterior wall Inferior wall Interior septal wall Anterior septal wall
Wall Segments
In the short axis view at the apex the LV is divided into:
1. 2. 3.
Wall Segments
Wall Segments
Wall Segments
Wall Segments
Wall Segments
Wall Segments
Subcostal 4 Chamber
Subcostal 5-Chamber
PSAX - Apex