technique

The first task is to estimate the parameters of the coordinate transformation that relates homologous points in the two studies (data registration). The second task is to apply the resultant transformation to map structures or features of interest from one study to another (structure mapping) or to directly combine grayscale data from the two studies (data fusion)

regeteration
The challenge is not really in the fusing of data so much as it is in getting the data lined up. After loading data from CT or MRI data sets on to GE's Logiq E9, sonographers must link the ultrasound data to the previously acquired data sets by positioning the transducer and manually locking in points of interest on both data sets. Once this process is complete, MR or CT images track in lockstep with the changing views seen with realtime ultrasound.

The interlocking of these data sets, however, depends on the registration of the transducer in relation to the patient. If the patient moves, which frequently happens during an extended ultrasound exam, the probe must be registered again with the CT and MRI reconstructions.

The magnetic positioning sensor unit is carefully assembled, based on the position of orientation marks. It uses a distal attachment, which helps install the magnetic positioning sensor on the probe, as shown in Figure Figure1.1. The magnetic sensor detects the changes in location, direction, and rotation of the probe during normal ultrasound scanning of the patient. The transmitter (the instrument that produces the magnetic waves) for the magnetic positioning sensor unit is installed on the left flank of the patient. Using a probe equipped with the magnetic sensor, a sagittal section of the left hepatic lobe is then captured (Figure (Figure2).2). The xiphoid process is usually chosen as a reference anatomical point. In case of a mismatch between the ultrasound and the virtual image (CT or MR), it is possible to readjust and correct the mismatch during the exam. The adjustment is made possible by freezing the CT/MR images on a section with clearly visible anatomical landmarks,

Tracking sensors are also incorporated into some interventional devices such as introducers and ablation needles, enabling the display of needle location as an overlay on live ultrasound images (Fig. 2). This display can be useful for overcoming difficulties in visualizing needles during ultrasound-guided procedures [7]. Such devices may allow procedures to be completed more quickly and with fewer placement attempts, particularly for more complex cases (Fig. 3).