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What is the best way to avoid order effects while doing within subjects design? We talked about people becoming more depressed during a treatment period, but would a history effect also include if a participant became happier due to an outside factor other than the treatment being done? What is an example of participant attrition? When a study is being conducted, if a confounding variable was found, would the study make changes to control the confounding variable right away, or would they continue the study but note the confounding variable in the discussion?
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How do you determine how much time should pass between treatments to ensure that your counterbalancing is effective? I really dont understand counterbalancing. Can you explain it in a really simplistic way?? Why would you use this method?
Two groups going through the same treatments in different order it is still a within subjects design
Does counterbalancing eliminate order effects? In matched-subject designs is the matching randomly assigned even though researchers are matching participants based on certain characteristics?
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Is it possible to use other statistical analyses such as regression, Chi-square, F-test etc. rather than ANOVA and t-test in within-subjects or between-subjects designs?
Regression determines function of the best fit to your data (relationship between dependent and independent variables) Chi-square data consisting of proportions F-test (ANOVA) t-test (two groups) as a special form of F-test (more than two groups) Analysis of covariance ANCOVA Multivariate analysis of variance - MANOVA
Can the final be open notes? I wrote out all the key words, did all the exercises etc. I cant memorize like that. Are you going to curve?
Nonexperimental and QuasiExperimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs
Chapter 10
Dusana Rybarova
Psyc 290B May 26 2006
1. Introduction
quasi-experimental research strategy
like an experiment, typically involves a comparison of groups or conditions however, it uses a nonmanipulated variable to define groups or conditions being compared such as age, gender or time (before vs. after treatment) within the context of quasi-experimental research, the variable that is used to differentiate the groups of participants or the groups of scores being compared is called the quasi-independent variable (e.g. age) the variable that is measured to obtain a score for each individual is called the dependent variable (e.g. IQ score)
1. Introduction
Nonexperimental research strategy
Very similar to quasi-experimental research strategy Major distinction nonexperimental designs make little or no attempt to minimize threats to internal validity Just like in the quasi-experimental designs there is no real manipulation of variables In contrast to quasi-experimental designs there is less rigor in control of extraneous variables
1. Introduction
in what follows we will use the following symbols
X represents the treatment O represents an observation or measurement