COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Sanjay Kumar, Currently Associate Professor of

English at JK Lakshmipat University (JKLU), Jaipur

Pushp Lata, Currently Head, Department of Languages,

BITS, Pilani

Oxford University Press 2011

Chapter: 7
Basics of Phonetics

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Importance of English Language Skills

Speak so that others Listen to you attentively Write so that others Read your ideas effortlessly

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Importance

Gain fluency in language Express yourself precisely and accurately Distinguish between the words conveying different shades of meaning

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Basics of Phonetics

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Learning Objectives

Learn how to correctly produce vowel and consonant sounds Understand what a syllable is and how words are divided into different syllables

Get to know the rules of word stress and intonation in English Language

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Reasons for Incorrect Pronunciation

Lack of sufficient exposure

Mother tongue interference

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Received Pronunciation (RP)

44 sounds in English language 26 alphabets only

For instance, pronounce the following words Cat Keen Occasion Chemistry

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Contd
/ k/ sound comes for c in cat, k in keen, cc in occasion and ch in chemistry Examples Chemist and character ch gives/ k/ Whereas Chest and cheese ch gives /t/

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Contd
Alphabets are different from sounds

Illustration A tourist visits an art gallery in Delhi and asks the manager: Tourist: I want genu -wine (genuine) an-tee-cue (antique) of Lord Buddha. Manager: I could not get you sir, will you please tell me again?

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Transcription
International Phonetic Alphabet symbols Putting standard symbols for standard sounds is known as transcription

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Sounds
1. 2.

Vowels Consonants 20 vowel sounds 12 are pure vowels and eight of them are diphthongal glides

In phonetics when there is a glide from one vowel sound to the other vowel sound it is called diphthong

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Classification of Sound in English

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Vowels

Pure Vowels

Diphthongs

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/l/ Initial Position Medial Position Final Position /i/ Initial Position Medial Position Final Position /e/ Initial Position Medial Position Final Position // Initial Position Medial Position Final Position

each, eat, these, seed, seen, cream, dream, pea, key, see

it, in, is, intelligent, silk, thick, fill, slip, sip, hit, bit duty, beauty, lonely, promptly, quickly enter, exit, empire, entire, bed, dead, head, any, many, said, fell, does not occur in the final position axe, actor, apple, at, an band, man, sad, fan, mass (v), rank, sad does not occur in the final position

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// Initial Position Medial Position Final Position /:/ Initial Position Medial Position (N) Final Position // Initial Position Medial Position Final Position / :/ Initial Position Medial Position Final Position

utter, under, understand, undo bus, dull, dust, gun, hunt, munch does not occur in the final position art, answer, aunt bar, card, farm, hard, large, march, fast, mass car, jar, mar office, oxygen, order, hot, bottle, dog, fond, lock, not, pot, solve does not occur in the final position all, awkward, ought ball, call, hall, corn, morning saw, raw, claw
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/u/ Initial Position Medial Position Final Position /u:/ Initial Position Medial Position Final Position /:/ Initial Position Medial Position // Initial Position Medial Position Final Position

does not occur in the initial position book, cook, room, took, wood does not occur in the final position does not occur in the initial position rule, approve, groove, suit sue, new, you, shoe, two early, earn, third, murder, surface, turn
about, effort, ago, allow, ahead sentence, liberty, doctor, terrible

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Diphthongs

/u/sound, mouth, out, round, allow, cow, town, now, down, mouse, doubt, house /I/ here, appear, period, mere, cheer, career, dear, near // wear, there, air, chair, fair, pair, air, share /u/ cruel, poor, sure, tour, actual, fuel, virtuous

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/e/mail, fail, train, age, may, say, pray, jail, aim // ice, fine, pipe, nice, write, rival, type, cry, dry /i/ spoil, loin, boil, choice, noise, oil, point, boy, toil, toy /u/ roll, blow, home, bone, nose, rope, both, open, go, no, so, bold

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Consonants
24 consonant sounds
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

/p/: /s/: /z/: / /: //: /h/: /w/: /r /:

pit, spill, keep sound, pistol, cross zap, zing, maze, gaze she, nation, shout measure, measure harm, house we, wicked, watch run, ruin, craze

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Contd
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

/j/: /l/: /b/: /t/: /d/: / /: //: /k/:

yes, yell, yesterday left, relate, detail bit, imbibe, jumble tin, after, what din, lead, order then, feather, wreath thin, thank, wrath cut, character, leak

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Contd
17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

/g/: //: /d/: /m/: /n/: //: /f/: /v/:

gut, girl, eager cheap, nature, watch jeep, jealous, judge map, remind, mime nap, near, line bang, song, bring, singing fat, feather, half vat, wave, velvet

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Write the sound for the underlined part of the word.

Example: occasion = / k / 1) Curious 2) Boat 3) Dishonest 4)Tragedy 5) Birds 6)Trunk 7) Approve 8) Aware 9) Exploit 10) Dearth

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Solution
1) /s/ 6) / /

2) // 3) / / 4) /d/ 5) / z/

7) / u:/ 8) / / 9) / / 10) / /

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Recap

You have learnt Difference between sounds and alphabets How to pronounce vowel and consonant sounds

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Thank You!!!

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