Group I

Ayes, Fedelaine
Longcanaya, Reymond Piano, Menissa

Sacay, Shiela Mae

Corregidor, Maria Leofe

 Maintaining the tonicity and concentration of

extracellular fluid Acid-base line (reabsorption of sodium ions and excretion of hydrogen ions) Nerve conduction Neuromuscular function Glandular secretion Water balance

 Table salt

 Baking soda

 Condiments

 Monosodium glutamate

 Additives

 Food seasonings

 Meat

 Fish

 Poultry

 Eggs

 Pickled foods

 Olives

- Excessive serum levels of the sodium cation relative to body water

Increased sodium intake (IV administration of hypertonic saline) Sodium levels increase Water shift from cells to the ECF

Cellular dehydration
Decreased myocardial contractility

Aldosterone and ADH are suppressed

 Dry, swollen tongue

 Flushed skin

 Hypertension, dyspnea

(with hypervolemia)

 Low-grade fever

 Orthostatic hypotension and oliguria

 Sticky mucous mebrane

 Twitching

 Deficient knowledge

Disturbed thought process

Ineffective tissue perfusion: cardiopulmonary Risk for deficient fluid volume

Risk for injury

 Activity, as tolerated

Administration of salt-free solutions (such as

dextrose in water) followed by infusion of halfnormal saline solution to prevent hyponatremia Discontinuation of drugs that promote sodium retention Sodium-restricted diet

 Obtain a drug history to check for drugs that

promote sodium retention. Assist with oral hygiene. Watch for signs of cerebral edema during fluid replacement therapy.

 Diuretics

Vasopressin if the patient has diabetes insipidus

- Serum sodium level less than 135 mEq/L

Excessive water intake Sodium level decreases Intracellular edema Brain herniation Brain cells compensate by; Reducing cerebral blood flow

Shifting CSF
Decreasing brains osmolality

 Dry mucous membrane

 Orthostatic hypotension

 Poor skin turgor

 Rales or crackles

 Rapid, bounding pulse

 Acute confusion

Decreased cardiac output

Impaired oral mucous membrane Ineffective breathing pattern

Nausea
Risk for injury

 Activity, as tolerated

High-sodium diet
Restricted fluid intake

 Restrict fluid intake

Give prescribed I.V. fluids.

Provide a safe environment. Institute seizure precautions, if needed.

 Demeclocycline or lithium

Hypertonic (3% or 5%) saline solution (with serum

sodium levels below 110mEq/L) Normal saline solution Oral sodium supplements