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Learning Plan 4
Economic Systems
Economic System is the institutional means through which resources are used to satisfy human wants.
Economic Systems
Unlimited wants/ scarce resources Rules Channeling competition Resolving conflict Laws Customs
Economic Systems
1. Capitalism. An economic system in which individuals own productive resources; these individuals can use the resources in whatever manner they choose, subject to common legal restrictions. A. Property rights. The right of an owner to use and to exchange property.
Economic Systems
Socialism. An economic system in which the state owns the major share of productive resources except labor. Socialism also usually involves the redistribution of income.
Economic Systems
Communism. An economic system in which the state has disappeared and in which individuals contribute to the economy according to their productivity and are given incomes according to their needs. In pure communism, we would see the absence of economic class distinctions. Centrally planned (command) economies.
Economic Systems
Two classifications 1. Market System. A system in which individuals own the factors of production and decide individually how to use them; a system with decentralized economic decision making
Economic Systems
2. Command System. A system in which the government controls the factors of production and makes all decisions about their use and about the distribution of income.
Economic Systems
No matter what the system, the fundamental economic problem of scarcity must be solved. Every economy faces opportunity costs in making decisions.
Least-cost Combination
The level of input use that produces a given level of output at minimum cost.
Market Prices
Market prices communicate crucially important information:
1. To consumers about product availability. 2. To producers about consumer preferences 3. To individuals above the relative value of particular kinds of knowledge and skills
Market Prices
Prices ration resources and goods 1. When something is scarce, the quantity of is insufficient to allow everyone to have as much as they like. 2. There must be some method of determining who gets how much of scarce things
Market Prices
Price acts as a message to the market participants. The price system is the messenger. 1. The price system delivers a message about changing market conditions. 2. The price system delivers does not create the changing market conditions.
Laissez Faire
An economic system in which the government minimizes its activity within the economy.
Economic Planning
Does economic planning occur in a centralized command economy and not in a decentralized market economy?
Incentive Structure
The motivational rewards and costs that individuals face in any given situation. Each economic system has its own incentive structure.
Mixed Economies
An economic system in which decisions about how resources should be used are make partly by the private sector and partly by the government, or the public sector. What is the future of mixed economies?