PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPRESSION

Group Members
Abdul Basit
Malik Allah Razi
Warda Saleem
Imran Raza
Ahsan Shafique
Faisal Adil
Rana Salman
Asad Saleem
Sadness
Feeling of worthless and guilt
Withdrawal from others
Want to be alone
Loss of sleep
Loss of appetite
Loss of interest in usual activities
Frustration
Hopeless
Low
 Depression
Is a psychiatric disorder
characterized by a pervasive
low mood, loss of interest in a
person's usual activities and
diminished ability to
experience pleasure

The course varies widely: it

can be a once-in-a-lifetime
event or have multiple
recurrences; it can appear
either gradually or suddenly;
and can either last for a few
months or be a life-long
disorder.
Types of Depression
Major Types of Depression

Psychological Depression

Existential Depression
 Types of Depression
Psychological Depression
1. Specific, understandable feeling
spirits;
of disappointment or failure.
floating.
2. Caused by recognizable
source;
problems and difficulties;
specific channels of approach;
we know why we are depressed.
depressed.
3. Temporary—comes and goes
with our changing life-situations.
repressed.
4. Focused on a specific aspect of
being;
our lives; localized, isolatable.
5. We can overcome it by correcting
the cause or simply letting it pass.
embrace it.
Existential Depression
1. Generalized feeling of low
indefinable, unintelligible, free-
2. Uncaused, no recognizable
arises from within our selves;
no channel of approach;
we don't know why we are
3. Permanent—always present
in our selves, altho often
4. Pervades every corner of our
cannot be isolated.
5. We cannot eliminate it;
but we can conceal it or
 Psychological Depression
Major Depression Dysthymic Disorder
Psychological Depression

Adjustment Disorder, with Depression

Bipolar Depression
 Causes of Depression
Family
Genetic problem
Family Crisis

Trauma and Stress

Financial problem
Breakup of a relationship
Death of Loved one
Work stress
 Causes of Depression
Pessimistic personality

Low self esteem

Physical Condition

Diseases (eg. Heart diseases, cancer,

HIV etc)
 Biological Theories Of Mood
Disorders

Genetic Data
 Psychological Theories Of
Depression
 Psychoanalytic theory

 Cognitive theory
 Psychological Theories Of
Depression
 Haplessness/ hopelessness theories
learned hopelessness
attribution learned helplessness
Hopelessness Theory

3- Interpersonal theory of depression.

4- Psychological theories of bipolar disorder.
 Psychological Therapies of
Depression

 Psychodynamic Therapy

 Cognitive and Behavior Therapy

Impacts of depression on women
and its causes
Differences between male and
female depression
Symptoms of depression in women
Psychological Physical symptoms
symptoms •Sleep disturbance
Depressed mood (insomnia or hypersomnia)
Reduction of •Appetite/weight
interest
•Changes
pleasure in Attention/concentration
activities, difficulties
Hopelessness and
worthlessness •Decreased energy or
unexplained fatigue
Suicidal thoughts
•Psychomotor disturbances
Biological causes of depression
in women

Premenstrual problems
Pregnancy and infertility
Postpartum depression
Perimenopause and menopause
Social and cultural causes of
depression in women

Role strain
Unequal power and status
Sexual and physical abuse
Relationship dissatisfaction
 Psychological causes of
depression in women

Coping mechanisms
Stress response
Puberty and body image
Treating depression in women

The main treatment

approaches are
Psychotherapy
Antidepressant
therapy
Or a combination of
the two
 Psychotherapy
Used to treat depression in several
ways.
supportive counseling.
cognitive therapy works to change the
pessimistic ideas
Cognitive therapy can help the
depressed person recognize which life
problems are critical, and which are
minor.
 Medications
Medication is usually an option, rather than a
necessity
Only helps you to feel better by controlling
certain symptoms
The medications used to treat depression
include
Tricyclic antidepressants
monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs),
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs),
bupropion.
Depression in Children And Teens

Experts used to think that only adults can

get depression. Now we know that even a
young child can have depression that
needs treatment to improve.
What is depression in children and
teens?
Depression is a serious mood disorder
that can take the joy from a child’s life. It is
normal for a child to be moody or sad from
time to time.

You can expect these feelings after death

of a pet or a move to a new city

But if these feeling’s last for months they

may be a sign of depression.
Symptoms of Depressed Child

Lose or gain weight

Sleep too much or too little
Feel hopeless, worthless or guilty
Thinks about death or suicide.
How is Depression Diagnosed?
Physical examination of a doctor

How Is It Treated?

Teaching the family and the child about

depression can be a big help.

it makes them less likely to blame

themselves
 Depression in old people
particular problems for old age
people

Physical symptoms and depression

Long-term illness
Confusion and memory loss
A new sense of loneliness
 Why they get Depressed?

Painful events
Past depression
Physical illness
medicines
 Help yourself
Ask for help
Try to get out
Try to eat properly
Keep reminding yourself that you are fine
Try not to keep your feelings to your self
Try not to use drugs or cigarettes to make you
feel better
Don’t alter the number of tablets
Try not to think that depression leads to senile
and dementia.
Medical Treatment for Depression
Antidepressants
 Therapies for mood disorders
 Psychological Therapies
 Biological Therapies
 Psychological Therapies for
depression

Psychodynamic Therapies

Cognitive and behavior Therapies

The NIMH treatment of depression
collaborative research program
Mindfulness based cognitive therapy
 Social Skill training

Behavioral Activation Therapy

Couple & family Therapy

 From individual to conjoint therapy
 Cognitive behavioral approaches
 Integration behavioral couples therapy
 Emotionally Focused therapy

Psychological therapies for bipolar depression

 Biological Therapies of depression

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Drug Therapy
 Tricycles

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
 Monoamine Oxides (MOA) inhibitors.

drug therapy of bipolar disorder