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ORIGIN OF TEA
Tea is traditionally seperated in two groups. Chineese/Japaneese Camellia sinensis (sinensis in Latin means "Chineese") and Indian - Camellia assamica. There is also a natural hybrid of those two types - the ceylonian tea.

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CHINA'S TEA HISTORY

The popularity of tea in China continued to grow rapidly

from the 4th through the 8th century. No longer merely used for its medicinal properties, tea became valued for everyday pleasure and refreshment. Tea plantations spread throughout China, tea merchants became rich, and expensive, elegant tea wares became the banner for the wealth and status of their owners.

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THE BIRTHPLACE OF TEA

The history of tea dates back o ancient China, almost 5,000 years ago. According to legend, in 2732 B.C. Emperor Shen Nung discovered tea when leaves from a wild tree blew into his pot of boiling water. He was immediately interested in the pleasant scent of the resulting brew, and drank some. Legend says the Emperor described a warm feeling as he drank the intriguing brew, as if the liquid was investigating every part of his body.

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JAPAN'S TEA HISTORY

In the early 9th century, Japanese visitors to China were introduced to the values and traditions of tea. The Buddhist monk Dengyo Daishi is credited for bringing Chinese tea seeds to Japan when he returned from his studies abroad. Tea became an integral part of Japanese monastery life; monks used tea to help stay alert during meditation sessions. By the early 1300's tea gained popularity throughout Japanese society, but its early religious importance permanently colored the meaning and value the Japanese associate with tea and directly influenced the Japanese Tea Ceremony.

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RUSSIA'S TEA HISTORY

In 1618, the Chinese presented a gift of tea to Tsar Alexis of Russia. Everyone was curious about the new beverage and tea quickly gained popularity. A camel caravan trade route emerged to transport tea into the country. This caravan covered 11,000 miles and took nearly 1 years to travel by camel. To keep the tea-hungry Russians satisfied, nearly 6,000 camels - each carrying 600 pounds of tea - entered Russia each year. In 1903 the camel caravan was replaced by the famous Trans-Siberian Railway, which slashed the transportation time from 1 years to just over a week.

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EUROPE'S TEA HISTORY

The Portuguese and Dutch first imported tea into Europe in 1610...Rembrandt was just 4 years old! England's dance with tea did not start until 1662 when King Charles II married the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza. Britain's new Queen had always loved tea and brought with her, as part of her dowry, a chest of fine Chinese tea. She began serving the tea to her aristocratic friends at Court, and word of the exotic Royal beverage spread quickly.

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INDIA'S TEA HISTORY

The Opium Wars
As tea consumption grew, Britain's exports could not keep up with the demand for tea imports. The Chinese were more interested in silver than in cotton, Britain's main export. Finding enough silver to trade for tea became increasingly difficult, however, so the British turned to growing opium in its large Asian colony...India. The scheming British sent opium to China across the Indian border in exchange for silver, then traded the same silver back to China for tea. The illegal opium scheme worked until 1839 when a Chinese official sent 20,000 chests of opium to a watery grave in a sea near Canton. A year later, Britain declared war on China and China retaliated by placing a strict embargo on all exports of tea.

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METHODS OF FARMING
By sowing seeds in germinating beds, and another method is to use cuttings from high yielding plants. AREAS AND STATES: Assam largest producer Brahmaputra valley in Assam, Darjeeling in West Bengal, Kangra in Himachal, Garhwal Hills in Uttaranchal, Nilgiri Hills and Annamalai Hills in the South

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PLUCKING SEASONS IN ASIA:

China: Northern India: Southern India: Indonesia: Japan: Sri Lanka: Taiwan: February to November, February to November, All year round, All year round, 4 times a year, from May to October, All year round except in high altitude, Mainly in Spring, summer and autumn

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PLUCKING OF TEA LEAVES

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STAGES OF PROCESSING:

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DRYING LEAVES

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ROLLING
Tea leaves are pressed in rollers to break their cells and exposes the natural juices to fermentation. this gives flavour .

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FERMENTATION
Leaves are spread out on special trays for fermentation under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. In this process the tannin in tea is partly oxidised and colour changes and flavour develops.

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FIRING OR DRYING
Fermented leaves are passed through oven over a belt

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SORTING
Tea leaves are sorted out in various grades with the help of sifters with different size of meshes. After sorting they are given the brand names, denoting the size of the leaves like pekoe, broken orange, dust, etc)

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TYPES OF TEA IN DIFFERENT FLAOUR & COLOR

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BLACK TEA
Black Tea by drying leaves in the sun & then rolling them mechanically between steel rollers & fermenting them

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GREEN TEA
No fermentation in this process

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OOLONG TEA
Tea-made by fermenting tea leaves-gives gereenishbrown colour

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WHITE TEA
White tea comes from the delicate buds and younger leaves of the Chinese Camellia sinensis plant. These buds and leaves are allowed to wither in natural sunlight before they are lightly processed to prevent oxidation or furtherfermentation. This preserves the characteristic flavour of the white tea

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GEOGRAPHICAL REQUIREMENT FOR TEA

TEMPERATURE: 12 to 15 degree C but 25 degree C is an ideal temperature . RAINFALL: 150 cm TO 250 cm (distribution throughout the year)

SOIL: Light loams rich in iron content , porous sub-soils so that water percolates , stagnation of water near roots is harmful.

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TOP TEA GROWING REGIONS

For centuries China was the world's only tea-exporting country. Beginning in the 19th century, however, stiff competition arose as India and Ceylon began to grow tea. Today China remains one of the largest suppliers of quality teas. Green teas represent 75% to 80% of China's current consumption. The rest of the production of green teas, and all of the black teas, are exported.

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TOP TEA GROWING REGIONS

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TABLE SHOWS PAKISTANS TEA IMPORTS FROM THESE COUNTRIES

Country Kenya Rwanda India Indonesia Sri Lanka Uganda Zimbabwe Tanzania Amount (kg) 8,352,734 676,417 633,806 617,150 342,147 386,180 135,380 81,615 Value (Rs.) 818,664,224 67,379,948 36,659,021 46,192,7 42,813,554 32,079,063 9,898,722 6,752,004 %age of Total 72 6 3.2 4.05 4 3 9 6

Ethiopia
Vietnam

77,200
67,440

6,549,914
4,919,576
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