Pertemuan VII Perkenalan Software

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System Software
What is system software?
Programs that control operation of computer Two types are operating systems and utility programs

Operating system (OS) (sometimes called the platform) coordinates all activities among computer hardware resources

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 What are the functions of an operating system?

start the computer provide a user interface administer security

Operating Systems

manage programs

manage memory control a network

provide file management and other utilities

monitor performance

establish an Internet connection

schedule jobs and configure devices

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 What is a cross-platform application?

Operating Systems

Runs identically on multiple operating systems

Operating system that computer uses is sometimes called the platform
Application

Operating System/ Platform A

Operating System/ Platform B

Operating System/ Platform C

Operating System/ Platform D

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 What is booting?

Operating System Functions

Cold boot Turning on computer that has been powered off Warm boot Restarting computer that is powered on
Warm boot from Windows desktop Warm boot from system unit

Process of starting or restarting a computer

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Operating System Functions

What messages display on the screen when you boot the computer?

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Operating System Functions

How does a personal computer boot up?
Step 1. Power supply Step 4. Results of POST are

sends signal to components in system unit

Step 2. Processor

compared with data in CMOS chip

Step 5. BIOS looks for system files

accesses BIOS to start computer

Step 3. BIOS runs tests,

in floppy disk drive or CD/DVD drive, and then hard disk

Step 6. Kernel (core) of operating

system loads into RAM

Step 7. Operating system loads

called the POST, to check components such as mouse, keyboard, and adapter cards

configuration information and displays desktop on screen

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Operating System Functions

What is a recovery disk?

Contains system files that will start computer when computer cannot boot
Also called boot disk

Step 1. Click Start button on taskbar,

Step 2. Click Backup on Systems Tools

Step 3. Click Automated

point to All Programs on Start menu, point to Accessories on All Programs submenu, point to Systems Tools on Accessories submenu, and then point to Backup.

submenu to open the Backup Utility window. (If Backup or Restore Wizard displays, click Advanced Mode link.) Point to Automated System Recovery Wizard button.

System Recovery Wizard button to create recovery disk. Follow the on-screen instructions and insert a diskette when prompted.

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 What is a user interface?

Operating System Functions

Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information displays on screen

command-line interface

menu-driven interface

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Operating System Functions

What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

User interacts with menus and visual images such as icons and buttons

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Operating System Functions

What is single user/ multitasking?

Working on two or more programs that reside in memory at same time

Foreground contains program you are using Background contains programs that are running but are not in use

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Operating System Functions

What are other program management features of operating systems?
multiprocessing
Can support two or more processors running programs at same time Enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously

multiuser
Has duplicate components such as processors, memory, and disk drives

Click to view animation

fault-tolerant computer
Continues to operate when one of its components fails

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 What is memory management?

Operating System Functions

Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM) With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is allocated to function as RAM

Step 1. The

operating system transfers the least recently used data and program instructions to disk because memory is needed for other functions.

Step 2. The

operating system transfers data and program instructions from disk to memory when they are needed.

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Operating System Functions

How does an operating system schedule jobs?
Adjusts schedule based on jobs priority

Receiving data from input device Processing instructions

Sending information to output device Transferring items between storage and memory

A job is operation the processor manages

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Operating System Functions

What is spooling?

Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer Print jobs line up in queue

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Operating System Functions

What is a device driver?

Program that tells operating system how to communicate with device Also called driver

Device Driver

With Plug and Play, operating system automatically configures new devices as you install them

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Operating System Functions

How do you install a device driver?

Step 3. Click Add a Step 1. Open Control Step 2. Click Printers and

Step 4. Add Printer

Panel window. Point to Printers and Other Hardware link.

Other Hardware link. Point to Add a printer link.

printer link. Follow on-screen instructions.

Wizard searches for Plug and Play printers on your computer. If it finds any such printers, it installs them.

Step 5. If Add Printer Wizard cannot find any Plug and

Play printers, you can select type of printer you want to install. An on-screen prompt may ask you to insert floppy disk, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM that contains necessary driver files to complete the installation of printer.
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 How do you establish an Internet connection?

Operating System Functions

Windows XP includes New Connection Wizard

Guides user through setting up connection between computer and Internet

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Operating System Functions

How does an operating system monitor performance?

Provides program, called performance monitor, that assesses and reports information about system resources and devices

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Operating System Functions

What is a network operating system?

Allows users to share printer, Internet access, files, and programs on a network Administers security by establishing user name and password for each user

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Operating System Utility Programs

What is a utility program?

System software that performs maintenancetype tasks

Also called utility

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Operating System Utility Programs

What is a file manager?

Performs functions such as copying, renaming, deleting, and moving files Image viewer displays contents of graphics file when you double click on it

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Operating System Utility Programs

What is an uninstaller?

Removes a program and all associated files

In Windows XP, uninstaller is in Add/Remove Programs in Control Panel

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Operating System Utility Programs

What is a disk scanner?

Detects and corrects problems on hard disk or floppy disk Searches for and removes unnecessary files

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Operating System Utility Programs

What is a disk defragmenter?

Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so programs run faster
fragmented disk file before defragmenting file after defragmenting

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Operating System Utility Programs

What is a diagnostic utility?

Compiles technical information about hardware and some software Prepares report outlining problems

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Operating System Utility Programs

What is a backup utility?

Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto another disk or tape

Most compress files during backup to require less storage space

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Operating System Utility Programs

What is a screen saver?

Causes monitors screen to display moving image or blank screen if there is no activity for a specified time To secure computer, user configures screen saver to require password to deactivate

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Types of Operating Systems

What are some characteristics of operating systems?
Devicedependent
Runs only on specific type of computer

Proprietary software
Privately owned and limited to specific vendor or computer model

Deviceindependent
Runs on many manufacturers computers

Downward compatible
Works with application software written for earlier version of operating system

Upward compatible
Runs on new versions of operating system

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Types of Operating Systems

What are three categories of operating systems?

Embedded

Network

Stand-alone

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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

What is DOS (Disk Operating System)?
Developed in early 1980s for personal computers

D Used command-line O
interface when first developed, later included menus

Hardly used today S because it does not offer GUI

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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

How do Windows versions compare?
Windows Version Windows 3.x Windows NT 3.1 Windows 95 Windows NT Workstation 4.0 Windows 98 Windows Millennium Edition Windows 2000 Professional Windows XP Year Released 1990 1993 1995 1996 1998 2000 2000 2001

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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

What is Windows XP?

Microsofts fastest, most reliable Windows operating system Available in five editions: Home Edition, Professional Edition, Tablet PC Edition, Media Center Edition, and 64-bit Edition

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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

What are some features of Windows XP?
Windows XP Features Appearance and Performance Administration Help and Support Communications and the Web Digital Media

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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

What is Mac OS X?

Available only for computers manufactured by Apple Macintosh operating system has been model for most GUIs

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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

What is UNIX?

Used by power users because of its flexibility and power Most versions offer GUI Both a stand-alone and a network operating system

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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

What is Linux?

Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system Open-source software code is available to public Both a stand-alone and a network operating system
e

Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat Linux. The GNOME graphical user interface is shown in this example.

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Network Operating Systems

What are examples of network operating systems? NetWare
Designed for client/server networks

Windows Server 2003

Upgrade to Windows 2000 Server Solaris

Linux
Multi-purpose operating system

Version of UNIX developed by Sun Microsystems Specifically for e-commerce applications

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Embedded Operating Systems

What is an embedded operating system?

Found on most mobile computers, PDAs, and other small devices Windows CE .NET is scaled-down version of Windows

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Embedded Operating Systems

What are two operating systems for PDAs?

Windows Mobile 2003 for Pocket PC Palm OS for Palm, Visor, and CLIE

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Embedded Operating Systems

What is Symbian OS?

Open-source, multitasking operating system designed for smart phones Make telephone calls, save appointments, browse Web, send and receive e-mail and faxes, and more

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Stand-Alone Utility Programs

What is a virus?

Potentially damaging computer program Affects computer without users knowledge

SIGNS OF VIRUS INFECTION

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Stand-Alone Utility Programs

What is an antivirus program?

Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage media, and incoming files Must be updated frequently

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Stand-Alone Utility Programs

What is a personal firewall?

Protects personal computer from unauthorized intrusions Monitors all transmissions to and from computer

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Stand-Alone Utility Programs

What is a file compression utility?

Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve performance Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files Two popular utilities: PKZIP and WinZip

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Stand-Alone Utility Programs

What is a personal computer maintenance utility?

Identifies and fixes operating system problems and disk problems Some continuously monitor computer to identify problems before they occur

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