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Percent by Mass - for a given mass of solution, a certain percent of that mass is solute. - Mass percent concentrations are most generally used for solids dissolved in liquids:
Sample Problems:
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Percent by Volume
Sample Problem:
2. A patient receives 750 mL of a 10.% (w/v) aqueous glucose solution. How many grams of glucose does the patient receive?
2. An individual is legally intoxicated with a blood alcohol level of 0.08% (m/v) of ethanol. How many grams of ethanol are contained in 5000 mL of blood with this level?
Parts per Million (ppm) - is the number of parts in 1,000,000 parts of solution. - The parts may be expressed in either mass or volume units as long as the same unit is used for both the numerator and denominator.
Sample Problem:
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Sample Problem:
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2. Infant formula is often prepared from evaporated milk. In 1972, it was reported that canned evaporated milk contained up to 3.2 ppm of lead. At this concentration, how many grams of lead are present in 8 oz (470 mL) of evaporated milk? Assume that 1 mL of the solution is 1 g.
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2. A sports drink contains 25 mg of magnesium in an 8.0-oz portion (1 oz = 29.6 mL). How many parts per million does this represent? Assume that the mass of 1.0 mL of the solution is 1.0 g.
3. Mannitol, a carbohydrate, is supplied as a 25% (w/v) solution. This hypertonic solution is given to patients who have sustained a head injury with associated brain swelling. What volume should be given to provide a dose of 70. g?