Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
by
Dr. S. INIYAN
B.E (Mechanical. Engg.), M.E. Ph.D (Energy Management)
Professor and Director Institute for Energy Studies Anna University Chennai 600 025
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12 Million 17,000 MW
120 Million
5x10^15 kWhr/year 10,000 MW 50,000 MW 1,700 MW 50,000 MW 20,000 MW 10,000 MW
up to 31.08.2011
3.50 72.30
15.00
0.75 2.55
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% share
66.77 57.29 8.96 0.56
Hydro (Renewable)
Nuclear Renewable Energy TOTAL
39,339.40
4780.00 25,856.14 2,10,951.72
18.94
2.26 12.25 100.00
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ELECTRIC POWER
Current Capacity : 2,07,876.04(utility) 5th largest in the world Low per capita electricity consumption
India china United Kingdom World 778.63 kWh 3.493 kWh 5497 kWh 2850 kWh
Environmental concerns
India 3rd largest emitter of CO2 behind China and US 38% of emissions from power sector
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WIND POWER
Power proportional to V 3
Cost of generation reasonable: ~ Rs 3 per kWh
Economics sensitive to wind speeds
Spain
India Potential: 50,000 MW based on hub height of 50 m and 2% land usage Recent studies offer reassessed potential at 80m 6-7% land usage
Onshore - 676, 000 MW Offshore - 214,000 MW
21,674 MW
16,084 MW
BIOFUEL POTENTIAL
Indias total land area
Cultivated Cultivable wasteland Rice Wheat
Hazardous to divert agricultural area for bio-fuels. If entire wasteland used for growing bio-fuels,
Produce about 30 million tons of bio-oil 10% of oil demand by 2031.
ETHANOL OPPORTUNITIES
Increase yield of sugarcane using drip irrigation & fertigation
Present average yield Using drip irrigation & fertigation ~ 80 tons per ha 150 tons per ha
Sweet sorghum
Less water intensive than sugarcane Two crops a year
Cellulosic ethanol from agro - forest residues such as bagasse, rice husk, wood chips, crop residues
Technology needs to be developed
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SOLAR POWER
JNNSM launched in 2010 targets 22,000 MW by 2022
Phase 1 ( until March 2013) Target of 1300 MW : 800 MW PV and 500 MW CSP
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AREAS OF RESEARCH
1 Energy Efficient Building Concept Buildings / Green
AREAS OF RESEARCH
6 Biomass 7 Thermal Energy Storage Extraction Systems Cogeneration & Power Plant
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Energy
Solar
Systems
Modeling
a)
b) c)
Electrical
Thermal Cold Storage
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10 Wind Energy
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BIO DIESEL
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TRANSPORTATION
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THERMAL
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PRODUCER GAS
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THERMAL
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ELECTRICAL
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COOLING
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BIO GAS
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COOKING
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POWER GENERATION
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CHILLING
Refrigerator
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BIOMASS GASIFICATION
(As a source of alternate fuel )
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WATER HEATING
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AIR DRYING
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CHILLER
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Schematic of experimental setup: (1) parabolic trough collector (2) TES tank (3) cooking unit (4) positive displacement pump (5) double pipe heat exchanger (6) water tank (7) data acquisition unit (8) computer 38 (9) valve
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
a. PTC b. PCM tank c. PCM balls d. Thermocouples e. Pump f. Cooking units g. Double pipe heat exchanger h. Data Acquisition System
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Specification of PTC
Collector aperture area ( Aa ) Collector length ( L ) Collector aperture ( Wa ) Absorber tube diameter (d) Focal distance ( f ) 7.5 m2 3.00 m 2.5 m
0.06m
0.976 m 12 Mechanical (Semi Automatic) 6 mm thick Saint Gobain glass
Concentration ratio
Tracking Mechanism Collector Material Absorber tube material
Mild steel
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550 mm
HTF : Therminol 55
= = = =
=
=
12.7 mm
60 mm
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1
2 99% 25 37 93.5% Single axis tracking (manual)
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At standard test conditions (with direct beam radiation of 1000W/m2, at an ambient temperature of 25oC), The electrical efficiency was found to be around 10-12% and The thermal efficiency was around 54-64%.
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POTENTIAL
R & D DOMAINS
New and affordable materials for photovoltaic Clean coal technologies; carbon capture and
sequestration
Low-speed wind power Cellulosic ethanol Efficient and affordable hybrids, electric vehicles Energy storage efficient batteries and condensers
Solar
Hydro Bio-fuels Carbon Sequestration Hydrogen & fuel cells Hybrid cars
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