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Heat illnesses can be easy to prevent with the right precautions. This PowerPoint was designed to help runners (and bikers) of high-temp races help themselves out during their events so they won't get burned.
Heat illnesses can be easy to prevent with the right precautions. This PowerPoint was designed to help runners (and bikers) of high-temp races help themselves out during their events so they won't get burned.
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Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Téléchargez comme PPT, PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
Heat illnesses can be easy to prevent with the right precautions. This PowerPoint was designed to help runners (and bikers) of high-temp races help themselves out during their events so they won't get burned.
Droits d'auteur :
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Formats disponibles
Téléchargez comme PPT, PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
• Collapse • Ground temperature baking > 160 F • Intense body heating • Hypothalmus relinquishes muscular control of surface blood flow • Blood vessels dilate fully • Blood flow to internal organs diminished • Body breakdown HEAT INDEX HEAT INDEX DESERT WIND • Heated surface air rises creating wind • Surrounding air moves sideways along the ground to replace it • Wind usually travels long distances in one direction at a steady speed • Forms dunes • Air heats unevenly forming hot pockets • Sand storms form • Now a contest against nature instead of a race HEAT FACTS • The human body endures cold better than heat • Humans can only withstand so much prolonged heat and lack of water • Desert offers opportunities to try to survive both • Humans must protect internal environment • Body’s many sequenced chemical reactions increase as temperature rises • Cont: HEAT FACTS: cont • Individual changes in cadence of those reactions quickly lead to chaos • Variation of >4 deg from 98.6 F leads to malfunction of timing of these reactions • Body defenses start to crumble HEAT FACTS: DEFENSE • Body can adapt to respective environments by • Modifying body symptoms • And • Modifying behavior HEAT TRANSFER • Conduction • Convection • Radiation CONDUCTION CONVECTION RADIATION DESERT RACING • “Immersion” in superheated air • Skin and lungs “bathed” outside and inside in heat • Heat “splashed” from sand • Sun radiates like a nuclear reactor • Solar energy “strikes” ground with full intensity • Atmosphere too transparent to protect “trespassers” MINOR HEAT ILLNESSES MINOR HEAT ILLNESSES • Transient heat fatigue • Anhydrotic heat exhaustion • Heat edema • Miliaria: miliaria rubra = heat rash or “prickly heat” • Sunburn MAJOR EXERTIONAL HEAT DISORDERS EXERTIONAL HEAT ILLNESSES • Heat syncope • Exertional heat exhaustion • Exercise-associated collapse • Exertional heat stroke • DIC = disseminated intravascular coagulation • Also • Exertional heat cramps • Exertional hyponatremia HEAT SYNCOPE • Fainting in a hot environment • Follows standing in hot environment or cessation of exercise • Postural pooling of blood in lower body with loss of vascular resistance • Mildest form of heat illness • Elevate legs • Improves with heat acclimation EXERTIONAL HEAT EXHAUSTION • Fatigue, weakness, and inability to continue exercise in a hot environment • From fluid-electrolyte imbalance combined with heat exposure • Due to circulatory dysfunction and dehydration • Not life-threatening • Restore circulatory function and fluid-electrolyte balance • Recovery in 24-48 hours EXERCISE-ASSOCIATED COLLAPSE • From reduced metabolic energy supply, dehydration, temporary malfunction of thermoregulation, or CNS dysfunction • Various causes and disorders involved • During exercise may cause serious medical condition • After exercise typically postural hypotension • Treatment depends on cause EXERTIONAL HEATSTROKE • From severe hyperthermia • Hyperthermia disturbs cellular function, membrane integrity, fluid balance and metabolism • Due to great metabolic heat production and reduced heat dissipation because of environmental heat and humidity and clothing • Life-threatening medical emergency • Requires whole-body cooling and monitoring of vital signs • Recovery depends on severity of hyperthermia and resultant organ damage HEAT EXHAUSTION TO HEAT STROKE RHABDOMYOLYSIS INTERNAL ORGAN CHAOS • Stomach and intestines quit digesting • Liver stops neutralizing toxic by-products • Kidneys cannot filter toxins • Muscles begin to spasm • Confusion progresses as brain’s chemical reactions are speeded up • Hypothalmus loses control of thermoregulation • Cont: INTERNAL ORGAN CHAOS cont: • Hypothalmus loses control • Rising internal heat alters proteins • Cell membranes become porous and distorted • Salt leaks in • Cells swell and burst • Cell’s contents pollute surrounding tissues • More damage and inflammation • Unstoppable fatal chain-reaction MINERALS SODIUM = Na HYPONATREMIA HYPONATREMIA • Change of mental status • Disorientation • Nausea • Confusion • Vomiting • Incoordination • Headache • Combative behavior • Dizziness • Physical exhaustion • Muscular twitching • Muscular weakness • Grand mal seizures • Cardiac arrest • Coma • Respiratory arrest • Somnolence • Pulmonary edema • Tingling • Cerebral edema CALCIUM = Ca MAGNESIUM = Mg TREATMENT SUN PROTECTION SUN SCREEN