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THERMOREGULATION

• Outside air temperature > 120 F


• Collapse
• Ground temperature baking > 160 F
• Intense body heating
• Hypothalmus relinquishes muscular
control of surface blood flow
• Blood vessels dilate fully
• Blood flow to internal organs diminished
• Body breakdown
HEAT INDEX
HEAT INDEX
DESERT WIND
• Heated surface air rises creating wind
• Surrounding air moves sideways along the
ground to replace it
• Wind usually travels long distances in one
direction at a steady speed
• Forms dunes
• Air heats unevenly forming hot pockets
• Sand storms form
• Now a contest against nature instead of a race
HEAT FACTS
• The human body endures cold better than heat
• Humans can only withstand so much prolonged
heat and lack of water
• Desert offers opportunities to try to survive both
• Humans must protect internal environment
• Body’s many sequenced chemical reactions
increase as temperature rises
• Cont:
HEAT FACTS: cont
• Individual changes in cadence of those
reactions quickly lead to chaos
• Variation of >4 deg from 98.6 F leads to
malfunction of timing of these reactions
• Body defenses start to crumble
HEAT FACTS: DEFENSE
• Body can adapt to respective
environments by
• Modifying body symptoms
• And
• Modifying behavior
HEAT TRANSFER
• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
CONDUCTION
CONVECTION
RADIATION
DESERT RACING
• “Immersion” in superheated air
• Skin and lungs “bathed” outside and inside
in heat
• Heat “splashed” from sand
• Sun radiates like a nuclear reactor
• Solar energy “strikes” ground with full
intensity
• Atmosphere too transparent to protect
“trespassers”
MINOR HEAT ILLNESSES
MINOR HEAT ILLNESSES
• Transient heat fatigue
• Anhydrotic heat exhaustion
• Heat edema
• Miliaria: miliaria rubra = heat rash or
“prickly heat”
• Sunburn
MAJOR
EXERTIONAL HEAT DISORDERS
EXERTIONAL HEAT ILLNESSES
• Heat syncope
• Exertional heat exhaustion
• Exercise-associated collapse
• Exertional heat stroke
• DIC = disseminated intravascular coagulation
• Also
• Exertional heat cramps
• Exertional hyponatremia
HEAT SYNCOPE
• Fainting in a hot environment
• Follows standing in hot environment or
cessation of exercise
• Postural pooling of blood in lower body
with loss of vascular resistance
• Mildest form of heat illness
• Elevate legs
• Improves with heat acclimation
EXERTIONAL HEAT
EXHAUSTION
• Fatigue, weakness, and inability to continue
exercise in a hot environment
• From fluid-electrolyte imbalance combined with
heat exposure
• Due to circulatory dysfunction and dehydration
• Not life-threatening
• Restore circulatory function and fluid-electrolyte
balance
• Recovery in 24-48 hours
EXERCISE-ASSOCIATED
COLLAPSE
• From reduced metabolic energy supply,
dehydration, temporary malfunction of
thermoregulation, or CNS dysfunction
• Various causes and disorders involved
• During exercise may cause serious
medical condition
• After exercise typically postural
hypotension
• Treatment depends on cause
EXERTIONAL HEATSTROKE
• From severe hyperthermia
• Hyperthermia disturbs cellular function, membrane
integrity, fluid balance and metabolism
• Due to great metabolic heat production and reduced
heat dissipation because of environmental heat and
humidity and clothing
• Life-threatening medical emergency
• Requires whole-body cooling and monitoring of vital
signs
• Recovery depends on severity of hyperthermia and
resultant organ damage
HEAT EXHAUSTION
TO
HEAT STROKE
RHABDOMYOLYSIS
INTERNAL ORGAN CHAOS
• Stomach and intestines quit digesting
• Liver stops neutralizing toxic by-products
• Kidneys cannot filter toxins
• Muscles begin to spasm
• Confusion progresses as brain’s chemical
reactions are speeded up
• Hypothalmus loses control of thermoregulation
• Cont:
INTERNAL ORGAN CHAOS cont:
• Hypothalmus loses control
• Rising internal heat alters proteins
• Cell membranes become porous and distorted
• Salt leaks in
• Cells swell and burst
• Cell’s contents pollute surrounding tissues
• More damage and inflammation
• Unstoppable fatal chain-reaction
MINERALS
SODIUM = Na
HYPONATREMIA
HYPONATREMIA
• Change of mental status • Disorientation
• Nausea • Confusion
• Vomiting • Incoordination
• Headache • Combative behavior
• Dizziness • Physical exhaustion
• Muscular twitching • Muscular weakness
• Grand mal seizures • Cardiac arrest
• Coma • Respiratory arrest
• Somnolence • Pulmonary edema
• Tingling • Cerebral edema
CALCIUM = Ca
MAGNESIUM = Mg
TREATMENT
SUN PROTECTION
SUN SCREEN

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