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Reason Benefits
Reduce the insecurity of “standing alone”; feel
Security stronger, fewer self-doubts, and more resistant to
threats
Inclusion in a group viewed by outsiders as
Status important; provides recognition and status
Provides feelings of self-worth to group members, in
Self-esteem addition to conveying status to outsiders
Fulfills social needs. Enjoys regular interaction; can
Affiliation be primary source for fulfilling need for affiliation
What cannot be achieved individually often
Power becomes possible; power in numbers
Some tasks require more than one person; need to
Goal pool talents, knowledge, or power to complete the
achievement job. In such instances, management may rely on
the use of a formal group
Groups Cohesiveness
Cohesiveness
Degree to which group members are
attracted to each other and are motivated to
stay in the group.
Increasing group cohesiveness:
2. Make the group smaller.
3. Encourage agreement with group goals.
4. Increase time members spend together.
5. Increase group status and admission difficultly.
6. Stimulate competition with other groups.
7. Give rewards to the group, not individuals.
8. Physically isolate the group.
Relationship of Cohesiveness to
Productivity
Cohesiveness
High Low
Alignment of group and
organizational goals
Decrease No significant
Low
in effect on
productivity productivity
GROUP COHESIVENESS &
PRODUCTIVITY
Cohesiveness reduces tension & provides a
supportive environment for the successful
attainment of group goals.
High cohesiveness tends to have a positive impact
on satisfaction and reduces absenteeism, tardiness
& turnover among group members.
Groups provide security & interdependency for the
members from outside pressures. This mutual
dependency & facing threat from a common danger
make groups work together.
Success of the group brings team spirit &
enthusiasm among its members.
Norms