DEFINITIONS Incident: An unsafe occurrence arising of or in the course of work Accident: Unplanned & undesired event An accident always

ways has the potential to produce an injury or property damage Does not always result in injury or property damage

Injury: Body impairment resulting from an accident

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1. Unsafe Acts Of People (Human factors)

2. Unsafe Conditions (Physical) Of Machine Or Equipment, Environment,

There are two types of incident (workplace risks): 1. Human factor risks/ unsafe act (work practices) i. ii. Failure to follow instructions of safe work procedure Cleaning, oiling, adjusting, or repairing equipment that is moving, electrically energised or pressurised

iii.
2.

Failure to wear PPE

Environmental risks/ unsafe condition (hazards) i. ii. iii. Uneven floor surfaces Faulty or misadjusted tools and equipment Working in high places without fall protection

The majority of unsafe acts of persons may be assigned to one or more of the following classifications: 1. Failure to follow instructions of proper job procedure. 2. Cleaning, oiling, adjusting, or repairing equipment that is moving, electrically energized, or pressurized. 3. Failure to use available personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, hard hats. 4. Failure to wear safe personal attire. 5. Improper use of equipment. 6. Failure too secure or warn.

7. Improper use of hands or body parts. 8. Making safety devices inoperable. 9. Operating or working at unsafe speeds.

10. Taking unsafe position or posture.

11. Unsafe placing, mixing, combining. 12. Using tools or equipment known to be unsafe.

13. Driving errors and Horseplay

Unsafe acts are brought about usually by one of the following: 1. Lack of knowledge, skill, coordination, or planning. 2. Improper attitude. 3. Physical or mental defects. 4. Temporary lack of safety awareness at time of accident.

Actions taken by employees to modify best practice that increase the likelihood of an accident or injury eg;

1. Improper use of equipment 2. Operating or working at unsafe speeds 3. Making safety devices inoperable 4. Taking unsafe position or posture

5. Using tools or equipment known to be unsafe

Most unsafe or hazardous conditions can be grouped into one of the following classifications 1. Defective, inferior, or unsuitable tools, machinery, equipment, or materials. 2. Hazards of surroundings (poor housekeeping). 3. Hazardous methods or procedures. 4. Placement hazards (person not compatible with job requirements). mentally or physically

5. Inadequate guarding of machinery, equipment, work areas, etc.

1. Remove all obstacles or hindrance to the safe movement of

personnel, vehicles, or machines

2. Repair damaged floors, broken steps, cracked walls and

ceilings

3. Replace worn or damaged tools and equipment

4. Provide proper equipment for the hoisting and movement of

heavy objects

5. Install guards for moving parts of machinery, fans etc.

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6. Insist on good housekeeping practices, remove debris, waste

material, and obsolete or useless equipment

7. Replace worn electrical wiring and fixtures

8. Post signs warning of hazards in certain areas

9. Conduct and abide to Job Safety Analysis 10. Conduct safety orientation of new and transferred employees.

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Accident prevention requires a minimum of four fundamental activities:

1. A study of all working areas to detect and eliminate or control physical hazards which contribute to accidents.
2. A study of all operating methods and practices 3. Education, instruction, training, and discipline to minimise human factors which contribute to accidents. 4. Thorough investigation of accidents to determine contributing circumstances.

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Principles of Accident Prevention

Identifying the hazards Risk Assessing Risk Controlling

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The process of identifying and fixing potential hazards in the workplace is called hazard management - a simple procedure where you assess and control the risk of hazards to workers. hazard is something that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people at work.

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Identify hazards before starting a task:

What is involved in this task that can hurt me or my co-workers? How can I/we keep from being hurt while performing this task?

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 Operating without authority Failure to secure or store materials properly Failure to signal or warn Operating at unsafe speeds Etc...

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I feel comfortable doing this and have done it this way a thousand times before

PPE is uncomfortable

Safety slows a job down

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 Lack of training for personnel Hazardous arrangement of tools, machines,

equipment, supplies, etc. Improper illumination Unsafe ventilation

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Can you identify any other hazards in this picture?

Thats right! This wet work surface is a hazard!

INCIDENT PREVENTION By Zulhisyam Salleh

29/12/2010

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Can you identify any other hazards in this picture?

Click on the hazardous condition below

INCIDENT PREVENTION By Zulhisyam Salleh

29/12/2010

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Good Job! These cables and other items laying around are trip hazards and must be removed before work begins.

INCIDENT PREVENTION By Zulhisyam Salleh

29/12/2010

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A risk assessment - a careful examination of what, in your work, could cause harm to people, so that you can weigh up whether you have taken enough precautions or should do more to prevent harm. The aim :-to make sure that no one gets hurt or becomes ill.

Accidents and ill health can ruin lives, and affect business if output is lost, machinery is damaged, insurance costs increase, or you have to go to court.

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The Costs of Injuries And Illnesses

Direct costs are often just the tip of the iceberg.

Lost Wages

Medical Bills

Building & property damage Work delay & interruptions Workers demoralize

Hiring, training of new employees

Lost time by Supervisor & other employees Overtime

Indirect costs can be 50 times or greater the direct costs of injuries and illnesses.

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 STEP 1: Look for the hazards

STEP 2: Decide who might be harmed and how

STEP 3: Evaluate the risks and decide whether the

existing precautions are adequate or whether more should be done

STEP 4: Record your findings STEP 5: Review your assessment and revise it if

necessary
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Walk around workplace look a fresh at what could reasonably be expected to cause harm. Ignore the inconsequential and concentrate on significant hazards which could result in serious harm or affect several people. Ask employees may have noticed things which are not immediately obvious. Manufacturers' instructions or data sheets help to spot hazards and put risks in their true perspective.

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 young workers, trainees, new and expectant mothers, etc

who may be at particular risk

cleaners, visitors, contractors, maintenance workers, etc

who may not be in the workplace all the time

members of the public, or people you share your

workplace with, if there is a chance they could be hurt by

your activities.

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There is no need to list individuals by name - just think about groups of people doing similar work or who may be affected, eg
office staff maintenance personnel

contractors
people sharing your workplace operators cleaners members of the public
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Pay particular attention to:

staff with disabilities visitors inexperienced staff lone workers They may be more vulnerable

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Consider how likely it is that each hazard could cause harm.

This will determine whether or not you need to do more to reduce the

risk.
Even after all precautions have been taken, some risk usually

remains.
What you have to decide for each significant hazard is whether this

remaining risk is high, medium or low.

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If fewer than five employees a written record of what you have done. If employ five or more people must record the significant findings of your assessment. This means writing down the significant hazards and conclusions. Examples might be 'Electrical installations: insulation and earthing checked and found sound' or 'Fume from welding: local exhaust ventilation (LEV) provided and regularly checked'.
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 New machines, substances and procedures which could

lead to new hazards

take account of the new hazard.

if a new job introduces significant new hazards of its

own,
consider them in their own right and do whatever you need to

keep the risks down.

In any case, it is good practice to review

your assessment from time to time to make sure that the precautions are still working effectively.

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 Engineering controls - eliminate

hazard Education controls - training Physical controls - barriers, guards, signs Avoidance - prevent contact with hazard Make risk decision - choose the control or course of action (COA)
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The hazard of sharks 1/6

Sharks are a dormant hazard

Figures in the slides 16 retrieved from http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/

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The hazard of sharks 2/6

Potential or armed hazard

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The hazard of sharks 3/6

Eliminating hazard

Replace sharks with toys

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The hazard of sharks 5/6

Introducing administrative tools

May be you will have time to escape

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The hazard of sharks 4/6

Engineering out the problem

Encage yourself!

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The hazard of sharks 6/6

Provision of personal protective equipment

An armoured holiday

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