CONFINED SPACES

DEFINITIONS AND ENTRY PROCEDURES

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

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Disclaimer
The information presented in this presentation has been compiled from sources believed to be reliable and is intended to be a tool to assist and guide you in building your own presentation. This program may not address all the hazardous conditions or unsafe acts that may exist. For that reason, SPIN cautions users to confirm accuracy and compliance with the latest standards and best practices. Local, State/Provincial and Federal regulations take precedence over this material. Implementation of any practices suggested by this program is at your sole discretion, and SPIN will have no liability to any party for any damages including, but not limited to, direct, indirect, special or consequential damages, arising out of or in connection with the information provided or its use.
Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

OBJECTIVES

To educate employees on the hazards of confined space entry, To show employees how to identify confined spaces, To explain procedures that are to be followed before, during and after confined space entry, and To demonstrate the proper use of equipment used for confined space entry.

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

QUALIFIED PERSON
A person designated by the employer, in writing, as capable (by education and/or specialized training) of anticipating, recognizing, and evaluating employee exposure to hazardous substances or other unsafe conditions in a confined space. This person shall be capable of specifying necessary control and/or protective action to ensure worker safety.
Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

OSHA STANDARDS
29

CFR 1910.94 (d)(9)(vi) and (d) (11)

(v) 29 CFR 1910.134 (e)(3)(i-iii) 29 CFR 1910.252 (f)(4) 29 CFR 1915.4 (p) 29 CFR 1926.21 (b)(6)(i) 29 CFR 1910.146

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

ADDITIONAL STANDARDS

ANSI STANDARD Z88.2-1980 ANSI STANDARD Z117.1977 NIOSH PUBLICATION 80-106

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

WHAT IS A CONFINED SPACE????

A tank, vessel, silo, vault, pit, open topped space more than 4 feet deep, pipeline, duct, sewer, tunnel or any other space:
having limited means of egress, and/or not designed for continuous employee occupancy, and/or has one or more of the following characteristics:

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

WHAT IS A CONFINED SPACE????

less than 19.5% oxygen, flammable/combustible/explosive atmospheres present or able to be generated or enter into an area, toxic atmospheres present or able to be generated or enter into an area,

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

WHAT IS A CONFINED SPACE????

areas not protected against entry of water, gas, sand, gravel, ore, grain, coal, biologicals, radiation, corrosive chemicals, or any other substance which could possibly trap, suffocate or harm a person, poor ventilation, restricts entry for rescue purposes
Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

Manhol e

Telephone Vault

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

TYPES OF CONFINED SPACES CLASS A

CHARACTERISTICS
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) Requires Rescue Procedures Fully Equipped Life Support Equipment Constant Communication Requires Additional Standby Person in the Confined Space.

OXYGEN
16% or less greater than 25%

FLAMMABILITY
20 % or greater of Lower Flammability Limit (LFL)

TOXICITY
IDLH

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

TYPE OF CONFINED SPACES CLASS B

CHARACTERISTICS
Dangerous but not immediately life threatening Requires Rescue Procedures Fully Equipped Life Support Indirect Communications

FLAMMABILITY
10% to 19% of the LFL

TOXICITY
greater than the contamination level referenced in 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z less than the IDLH.

OXYGEN
16.1% to 19.4% 21.5% to 25% or

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

TYPE OF CONFINED SPACES CLASS C

CHARACTERISTICS
No Modification of Work Procedures Required. Standard Rescue Procedures Direct Communication with Workers Outside the Confined Space

FLAMMABILITY
10% or Less of the LFL.

TOXICITY
Less than Contamination Level referenced in 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z.

OXYGEN
19.5% to 21.4%

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

TYPES OF HAZARDS

Oxygen Deficiency Combustible/Flammable/Explosive Atmospheres Toxic Gases or Vapors Physical Hazards

Grinding, Agitators, Steam, Mulching, Falling, Tripping, and Other Moving Parts.

Corrosive Chemicals

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERES

Oxygen Scale
21% 19.5 16% 14% 6% O2 Enriched Minimum for Safe Entry Impaired Judgment & Breathing Faulty Judgment Rapid Fatigue Difficult Breathing Death in Minutes

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERES
AIR

FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERE

GAS, DUST OR VAPOR

SOURCE OF IGNITION

THE IGNITION TRIANGLE

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

TOXIC ATMOSPHERES

The product stored in the space. The work being performed in a confined space. Areas adjacent to the confined space.

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

TYPES OF HAZARDS
Oxygen

Deficiency Combustible/Flammable/Explosive Atmospheres Toxic Gases or Vapors Physical Hazards

Grinding, Agitators, Steam, Mulching, Falling, Tripping, and Other Moving Parts.

Corrosive Chemicals

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

TYPES OF HAZARDS

Biologicals Engulfment Electrical Lighting (Poor Visibility) Weather and Wind Rodents, Snakes, and Spiders Unsecure Footing

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

HOW HAZARDS OCCUR

Previously Stored Products/Chemicals Unexplained Leaks or Spills

Example: Chlorine, Acetylene, Ammonia, Water

Chemical Reactions Operations Accomplished within the Space Inerting with Non-Flammable Products
Examples: Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, Water

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

TEN BASIC RULES FOR CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

Planning Sessions by Qualified Persons Testing of Atmosphere Ventilation Training the Personnel Lockout/Tagout

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

TEN BASIC RULES FOR CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

Standby People/Communication Tools and Equipment Entry Permit Continuous Monitoring of Atmosphere Recordkeeping

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

PLANNING SESSION

Definite Time and Date of Entry Work To Be Accomplished Designated Personnel Hazard Assessment Methodology of Operation Backup Safety Procedures Pre-Entry Session Time and Date Commitment for Safe Work Practice

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

TESTING THE ATMOSPHERE

Never Trust Your Senses To Determine If the Air in a Confined Space is Safe!!! You Can Not See or Smell Many Toxic Gases and Vapors, Nor Can You Determine the Level of Oxygen Present
Methane Lighter then air Carbon Monoxide Same as Air Hydrogen Sulfide Heavier than Air

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

VENTILATION

Drawing Air Out of Space Blowing Air Into Space Explosion Proof Equipment

Ventilation with Fan and Trunk Hose

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

TRAINING PERSONNEL

Applicable Safety Equipment Lockout / Tagout Procedures Use of Applicable Respirators Emergency Entry/ Exit Procedures First Aid / CPR Rescue / Training Drills

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

LOCKOUT/TAGOUT

Blind Flanging Pipes, Electrical, Mechanical

Method of Blanking Hydraulic and Pneumatic Lines

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

STANDBY PEOPLE/COMMUNICATION

REMEMBER: AN UNPLANNED RESCUE WILL PROBABLY BE YOUR LAST!

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Lockout/Tagout Atmosphere Monitoring Equipment Personal Protective Equipment Hand and Power Tools Welding Safety Harness and Lifelines Tripod

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

RESPIRATORS
AIR PURIFYING

HALF-MASK
Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

FULL FACEPIECE

RESPIRATORS
AIR SUPPLIED
SELF CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

PERMIT SYSTEM
A permit is an authorization and approval in writing that specifies the location and type of work to be done, and certifies that all existing hazards have been evaluated by the qualified person, and necessary protective measures have been taken to ensure the safety of each worker.
Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

ENTRY PERMIT

Entry Classification - A, B, or C Location and Description Isolation Checklist Employee Assignments

Atmospheric Testing Personal Safety Authorizations Entry and Emergency Procedures

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

CONTINUOUS MONITORING
REMEMBER
NEVER TRUST YOUR SENSES TO DETERMINE IF THE AIR IN A CONFINED SPACE IS SAFE!!!! YOU CAN NOT SEE OR SMELL MANY TOXIC GASES AND VAPORS, NOR CAN YOU DETERMINE THE LEVEL OF OXYGEN PRESENT WITH OUT MONITORING EQUIPMENT.

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

RECORDKEEPING

Training Safety Drills Inspection of Equipment Test Results of Atmosphere Maintenance of Equipment

Created by Diane D. Zbasnik, CSP

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