Lecture 20

ENGR-1100 Introduction to
Engineering Analysis
Previous Lectures Outline
2D trusses analysis-
a) method of joints.
b) method of sections.
Todays Lecture Outline
Frames
Two Important Structures Types
Trusses: Structures composed
entirely of two force
members.
Frames: Structures containing at least one
member acted on by forces at three or more
points.
Trusses Assumptions
1) Truss members are connected together at
their ends only.
2) Truss members are connected together by
frictionless pins.
3) The truss structure is loaded only at the
joints.
4) The weight of the member may be
neglected.

Frames vs. Machines
Frames
- Rigid structure
- Overall equilibrium is sufficient to determine
support reaction.



Machines
- Not a rigid structure
- Overall equilibrium is not sufficient to
determine support reaction.

additional support reaction is needed for
equilibrium
Beware
Members of a frame are not necessarily a
two force member.
The direction of the force applied by the
members on the pins are not necessarily
known.
F
Method of solving frames
Draw a free body diagram for each component
Not all members can be treated as two-force
members.
Write the equilibrium equations for each free
body diagram.
Solve the equilibrium equations of the system
of rigid bodies.
Example 7-85
A two-bar frame is loaded and supported as shown in Fig.
F7-85. Determine the reactions at supports A and E and the
force exerted on member ABC by the pin at C.
Solution
x
y
d = 6/tan(70) + 6/tan(70) = 5.648 ft
M
A
= E
y
(5.648) -500(2)- 400 (4)-
-300 (6) = 0
F
y
= A
y
+ 779.0 = 0
A
y
=- 779.0 lb=779 lb
E
y
= 779.0 lb ~ 779 lb
From a free-body diagram on the
complete frame:
d
From a free-body diagram on member CDE:
M
C
= 400 (2) + 779.0 (3.464) + E
x
(6) = 0
E
x
= -583.1 lb ~ 583 lb
From a free-body diagram on member ABC:
x
y
M
C
= 500 (4) + A
x
(6) + 779.0 (2.184) = 0
F
x
= C
x
+ 500 - 616.9 = 0
A
x
= -616.9 lb ~ 617 lb
C
x
= 116.9 lb = 116.9 lb
F
y
= C
y
- 779.0 = 0
C
y
= 779.0 lb = 779 lb
C = = = 787.7 lb ~ 788 lb

( )
( )
2
2
x y
C C + ( ) ( )
2 2
116.9 799 +
u
c
= tan
-1
= 81.46 C ~ 788 lb 81.5
779.0
116.9
A = = = 993.7 lb ~ 994 lb
( )
( )
2
2
x y
A A +
( ) ( )
2 2
616.9 799.0 +
u
A
= tan
-1
= -128.38 A ~ 994 lb 51.6
779.0
616.9
E = = = 973.1 lb ~ 973 lb

( )
( )
2
2
x y
E E +
( ) ( )
2 2
583.1 799.0 +
u
E
= tan
-1
= 126.82 E ~ 973 lb 53.2
779.0
583.1
Class Assignment: Exercise set P7-83
please submit to TA at the end of the lecture
Determine all forces acting on member BCD of the linkage
shown in Fig. P7-83.
C ~ 85.73 lb ~ 45
Member AC is a two-force member;
Therefore, the line of action of force C is
known as shown on the free-body diagram
for member BCD:
M
B
= C cos 45 (2.0) - 40 cos 30 (3.5) = 0
C = 85.73 lb ~ 85.7 lb
F
x
= B
x
+ 40 cos 30 - 85.73 cos 45 = 0
F
y
= B
y
- 85.73 sin 45 + 40 sin 30 = 0
B
x
= 25.98 lb ~ 26.0 lb
B
y
= 40.62 lb ~ 40.6 lb
u
B
= tan
-1
= tan
-1
= 57.4
40.62
25.98
B

~ 48.2 lb 57.4
B = \( B
x
)
2
+ ( B
x
)
2
= \( 25.98)
2
+ ( 40.62)
2
= 48.22 lb
y
x
B
B
Example 7-90
Determine all forces acting on member ABE of the
frame shown in Fig. P7-90.
Solution
x
y
From a free-body diagram on the complete frame:
M
A
= D (300) - 150 (300) = 0
D = 150.0 N = 150.0 N |
F
x
= A
x
+ 150.0 = 0
A
x
=- 150.0 N = 150.0 N
F
y
= A
y
+ 150.0 = 0
A
y
=- 150.0 N = 150.0 N +
u
A
= tan
-1
= 135.0 A = 212 N 45
150.0
150.0

A = = = 212.1 N ~ 212 N
( )
( )
2
2
x y
A A +
( ) ( )
2 2
150.0 150.0 +
From a free-body diagram on member ABE:
M
B
= E
y
(100) - 300 (100) - 150(100) = 0
E
y
= 450 N = 450 N |
E = = = 540.8 N

( )
( )
2
2
x y
E E +
( ) ( )
2 2
300 450 +
u
E
= tan
-1
= 56.31 E = 541 N 56.3
450
300
M
C
= E
x
(100) - 150 (200) = 0
E
x
= 300 N = 300 N (on ABE)
From a free-body diagram on member CEF:
150N
C
x
E
x
E
y
C
y
F
x
= B
x
+ 300 - 150 = 0
B
x
=- 150.0 N = 150.0 N
F
y
= B
y
+ 450 - 150 = 0
B
y
=- 300 N = 300 N +
B = = = 335.4 N
( )
( )
2
2
x y
B B + ( ) ( )
2 2
150 300 +
u
B
= tan
-1
= -116.56 B ~ 335 N 63.4
300
150
Class Assignment: Exercise set P7-91
please submit to TA at the end of the lecture
Determine all forces acting on member ABCD of the Frame
shown in Fig. P7-91.
Solution:
A=167.7 lb 63.4
o
B=424 lb 45
o
C=335 lb 26.6
o
Class Assignment: Exercise set P7-87
please submit to TA at the end of the lecture
A pin-connected system of leaves and bars is used as a toggle
for a press as shown in Fig. P7-87. Determine the force F
exerted on the can at A when a force P = 100 lb is applied to
the lever at G.
Solution
From a free-body diagram
for the lever:
M
F
= 100 (30) - F
DE
(8) = 0
+ F
x
= -F
BD
cos 67 - F
CD
cos 78 - 375=0
| F
y
= -F
BD
sin 67 + F
CD
sin 78 = 0
From a free-body diagram
for pin D:
F
DE
= 375 lb
F
BD
= -639.5 lb
F
CD
= -601.8 lb
From a free-body diagram
for the piston at B:
F
y
= A
y
- 639.5 sin 67 =0
A
y
= 588.7 lb = 588.7 lb |

Force on the can:
F ~ 589 lb +
Class Assignment: Exercise set P7-89
please submit to TA at the end of the lecture
A pin-connected system of bars supports a 300 lb
load as shown in Fig. P7-87. Determine the
reactions at supports A and B and the force exerted
by the pin at C on member ACE.
B
y
= 150.0 lb = 150.0 lb |
B
x
= -450 lb = 450 lb
A
x
= 450 lb = 450 lb
A
y
= 150.0 lb = 150.0 lb |
C
y
= 0 C
x
= - 600 lb
Solution
From a free-body diagram
For the complete system:
From a free-body diagram
for pin F:
+ F
x
= A
x
+ B
x
= A
x
- 450 = 0
+ M
A
= - B
x
(20) - 300

(30) = 0
B
x
= -450 lb = 450 lb
A
x
= 450 lb = 450 lb
+ F
y
= T
EF
-300 sin 45 = 0
T
EF
=212.1 lb ~ 212 lb (T)
From a free-body diagram
for bar ACE:
+ M
C
= -A
y
(10) + 450 (10)
- 212.1 (10/cos 45) = 0
A
y
= 150.0 lb = 150.0 lb |
+ | F
y
= A
y
+ C
y
- 212.1 sin 45
= 150.0 + C
y
- 212.1sin 45 = 0 C
y
= 0
+ F
x
= C
x
+ 450+212.1 cos 45=0
C
x
= - 600 lb
From a free-body diagram for the complete system:
+ | F
y
= B
y
+ A
y
- 300
= B
y
+ 150.0 - 300 = 0
B
y
= 150.0 lb = 150.0 lb |
A = = = 474.3 lb ~ 474 lb
( ) ( )
2
2
x y
A A + ( ) ( )
2 2
450.0 150.0 +
u
A
= tan
-1
= 18.434 A ~ 474 lb 18.43
150.0
450.0
Example 7-101
Forces of 50 lb are applied to the handles of the bolt cutter
of Fig. P7-101. Determine the force exerted by on the
bolt at E and all forces acting on the handle ABC.
Solution
From a free-body diagram
for member CDE:
+ F
x
= C
x
= 0
C
x
= 0
+ M
D
= C
y
(3) - E(2) = 0
2
3
C
y
= E
From a free-body diagram
For handle ABC:
+ M
B
= C
y
(1) - 50 (20) = 0
C
y
=1000 lb = 1000 lb |
F
x
= B
x
= 0
B
x
= 0
C = 1000 lb |
F
y
= B
y
+ 50 + 1000 = 0
B
y
= -1050 lb
B = 1000 lb +
E = 1.5C
y
= 1.5 (1000) = 1500 lb
Force on the bolt: E = 1500 lb |
Class Assignment: Exercise set P7-110
please submit to TA at the end of the lecture
A cylinder with a mass of 150 kg is supported by a
two-bar frame as shown in Fig. P7-110. Determine
all forces acting on member ACE.
Solution
From a free-body diagram for
the cylinder:
W = mg = 150 (9.807) = 1471.1 N
+ F
x
= D sin 45 - E sin 45 = 0
+ | F
y
= 2D cos 45 - 1471.1 = 0
E ~ 1040 lb 45.0 (on member ACE)
From a free-body diagram
for the complete frame:
M
B
= A (2) - 1471.1 (1) = 0
A =735.6 N = 735.6 N |
A ~ 736 N |
D = E = 1040.2 lb
From a free-body diagram for ACE:
M
C
= T (1) - 735.6 (1) - 1040.2 (0.8) = 0
T

= 1567.8 N ~ 1568 N
T ~ 1568 N
F
x
= C
x
+ T + 1040.2 cos 45


= C
x
+ 1567.8 + 1040.5 cos 45 = 0
C
x
= -2303 ~ 2300 N
F
y
= C
y
+ 735.6 - 1040.2 sins 45 = 0


C
y
= 0
C ~ 2300 N