Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Keerti Sharma
August 2002
Agenda
What is WAP ? Limitations of Internet for wireless applications WAP Architecture / protocol stack WAP Components / WML WAP brings Internet to hand-held devices Conclusion
August 2002
What is WAP ?
WAP The Wireless Application Protocol
Makes it possible to access the Internet via wireless devices such as mobile phones, PDAs etc. Set of rules governing transmission/reception of data by wireless devices (e.g. mobile phones)
August 2002
August 2002
High latency
At the expiry of retransmission timer value, the TCP layer resends the packet of data An average latency in a wireless network is around s but can be as high as 10s This can cause a lot of retransmission causing severe congestion
August 2002
August 2002
August 2002
WAP Gateway
WML Encoder
Web Server
CGI Scripts etc.
WMLScript WTAI
WSP/WTP
HTTP
Content
Etc.
August 2002
WSP/WTP
Protocol Adapters
Content
August 2002
August 2002
found in the Transport Layer Security (TLS) part of TCP/IP. WDP - makes it easy to adapt the transport layer to a variety of bearers because all that needs to change is the information maintained at this level.
August 2002
August 2002
August 2002
Based on these differences, WML provides a smaller, telephonyaware set of tags that make it more appropriate than HTML for handheld wireless terminals.
August 2002
Example of WML
Navigation
Variables
Input Elements
August 2002
<WML> <CARD> <DO TYPE=ACCEPT> <GO URL=#eCard/> </DO Welcome! </CARD> <CARD NAME=eCard> <DO TYPE=ACCEPT> <GO URL=/submit?N=$(N)&S=$(S)/> </DO> Enter name: <INPUT KEY=N/> Choose speed: <SELECT KEY=S> <OPTION VALUE=0>Fast</OPTION> <OPTION VALUE=1>Slow</OPTION> <SELECT> </CARD> </WML>
Card
A Deck of Cards
.
<WML> <CARD> <DO TYPE="ACCEPT" LABEL="Next"> <GO URL="#card2"/> </DO> Acme Inc.<BR/>Directory </CARD> <CARD NAME="card2"> <DO TYPE="ACCEPT"> <GO URL="?send=$type"/> </DO> Services <SELECT KEY="type"> <OPTION VALUE="em">Email</OPTION> <OPTION VALUE="ph">Phone</OPTION> <OPTION VALUE="fx">Fax</OPTION> </SELECT> </CARD> </WML> August 2002
August 2002
The WML elements can be easily be implemented without much input required from the key-board Deck & Cards model requires minimal navigation between pages Soft buttons or user-definable keys are also supported by WML
Conclusion
WAP provides a microbrowser optimized for wireless devices
Requires minimal RAM, ROM, Display, CPU and keys
Financial services
Banking Bill-paying Stock trading Funds transfers
Enterprise solutions
Email access Database access A global intranet Information updates pushed to WAP devices
Travel services
Schedules and rescheduling Reservations
August 2002
Ajaxo (http://www.ajaxo.com)
A WAP service for wireless stock trading from any WAP enabled device
WAP demo
http://www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_demo.asp
August 2002
August 2002
References 1.
http://www.wapforum.org http://www.mobileinfo.com/WAP/components.htm http://wap.sonyericsson.com/ http://www.nokia.com/phones/9110/app.html http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/wap/ http://www.wapaka.com/wapaka/default.asp http://www.ericsson.com/about/publications/review/2001_04/files /2001043.pdf http://www.btob.barnesandnoble.com/offers/wapgap.asp?btob=Y http://www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_pages.asp
August 2002
References 2.
Professional WAP WAP A Beginners Guide by Dale Bulbrook Wireless Crash Course by Bedell Cracking the Code WAP, Bluetooth & 3G Programming WAP Integration by Vujosevic & Laberge WAP 2.0 Development by Tull
August 2002