PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Photosynthesis
The first observation regarding plant nutrition was probably made by Aristotle After a series of experiment done by scientists, a conclusion can be made
light

6CO2 + 6H2O
chlorophyll

C6H12O6 + 6O2

Photosynthesis
Substances required for photosynthesis i. Carbon dioxide ii. Water iii. Light energy Substances produced from photosynthesis i. Glucose ii. Oxygen

Photosynthesis
Where does photosynthesis happens?????

Leaf structure and function

Leaves are the main photosynthetic organs of a plant. Young stems and other green parts may also carry out photosynthesis. Arrangement of leaves ???????? Why leaves have this arrangement ???????

Cross section of leaf

Leaf structure and function

Part of a leaf Lamina Functions Trap sunlight for photosynthesis to occur

Petiole

Vein

Holds the leaf in the best position to receive the maximum amount of light Main vein leads down the leaf and branches out into side veins to support lamina

Leaf structure and function

Part of a leaf Functions

Cuticle

Reduces the loss of water by evaporation through the epidermis Upper and lower Maintain the shape of the leaf epidermis Protects the cells of the leaf from bacterial and fungi infections and from injuries Pallisade mesophyll Carry out photosynthesis Spongy mesophyll Carry out photosynthesis Involved in the exchange of the gases between leaf and the atmosphere

Leaf structure and function

Part of a leaf Xylem Phloem Functions Transport of water and minerals salts Give support to the leaf Transport of sugar which is the product of photosynthesis from leaf to other parts of the plants Involved in the control of the size of stomata Controls transpiration through the stomata Allow exchange of gases between the internal parts of the leaf and the atmosphere

Guard cells

Stomata

Adaptation of leaf
Adaptation Leaves are thin and flat Importance This exposes large surface area of leaves to sunlight and air, carbon dioxide diffuses in and oxygen diffuses out efficiently

Leaves are arranged alternately Arrangement of cells of the spongy mesophyll is loose Layer of cuticle and epithelial cells are transparent

This maximizes exposure of surfaces of leaves to sunlight This makes diffusion of gases occur efficiently
This ensures that sunlight can penetrate to the mesophyll layer

Adaptation of leaf
Adaptation Importance Number of stomata on Avoid excessive loss of water to lower surface of leaves is surrounding large To allow exchange of gases to occur

The cells of pallisade mesophyll have chloroplast and arranged close to upper epidermis Network of veins are widely distributed on the lamina

Chloroplast are exposed to sunlight and absorb energy for photosynthesis Enables transport of water, minerals salts and product of photosynthesis to be carried out efficiently

Leaf structure and function??????

Lamina Cuticle Epidermis Palisade mesophyll Spongy mesophyll Guard cell Stoma Xylem Phloem

Thank you

Adaptation of plants from different habitats

Plants need to have a method for gaseous exchange and an efficient means of absorbing light energy Land plants eg hibiscus Aquatic plants eg water lilies Desert plants eg cactus

Adaptation of plants from different habitats

Land plants - Large number of stomata on the lower surfaces of leaves - To allow maximum absorption of carbon dioxide - Most chloroplasts are found in palisade cells and spongy mesophyll cells.

Adaptation of plants from different habitats

Aquatic plants - Have large, round and flat leaves - Stomata are mostly distributed in the upper surface of the leaves - Aquatic plants submerged in the water do not have stomata - Chloroplast are found in leaves and stems of these plants

Adaptation of plants from different habitats

Desert plants - Have reduced leaves - Have sunken stomata