Concept of Leadership

A personal quality of an individual or a person An important and necessary skill for achieving the performance An essential element of management . The process of influencing others to work towards the attainment of goal. The ability to influence the activities of others through communication, towards the accomplishment of challenging goals.
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Definitions
Robert Kreitner: leadership is a social influence process in which the leader seeks the voluntary participation of subordinates in an effort to reach organizational objectives. Stephen P. Robbins : Leadership is the ability to influence a group towards achievements of goals.
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Meaning:
Leadership is the process of influencing and inspiring the behavior of other. The core of leadership is influence Its about persuading and motivating the followers to attain better performance for the achievement of common goal.
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 Leadership involves three key elements. They are Leadership as Process influence of position to direct, motivate, and coordinate the group activities Leadership as Property- use personal traits and characteristics to change the attitude of others . Special trait differentiate him from the rest. Leadership as Power- ability to exert force in getting things done or making things happen.
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Characteristics of Leadership
Process of interpersonal influence Leader and followers Common goals Blend of inspiration, motivation and communication Continuous exercise

Leadership Vs Management
Both of them are inter- related Leadership is a component of management Management includes planning, organizing, leading and controlling functions for achieving goals. Leadership involves influencing people in achieving the goals set by the management . Management uses formal authority in making people work Leadership involves creating influence by the use of personal traits in motivating and inspiring people to give better performance.
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Function of Leadership
Directing Sharing organizational mission, vision and objective Guiding and leading people Divide jobs Give instructions Assign responsibilities
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Function of Leadership
Supervising Watching, coaching and examining the subordinates Ensuring the execution of orders in time Helps to improve the performance

Function of Leadership
Motivating Creating willingness to work Making others work to achieve organizations objectives as a means to satisfy their needs Motivate by giving challenging jobs, healthy environment, sense of belongingness etc

Function of Leadership
Communicating Establishing understanding Formally and informally providing information Interacting to reduce conflict

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Function of Leadership
Mediating Negotiating between two conflicting parties Act as a mediator to resolve the conflict Solve problem

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Importance of Leadership
To make people work up to their potential To direct people psychologically towards goal accomplishment To transform a passive group into active one

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Leadership Styles

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Autocratic Leadership Style

Autocratic Style
Known as authoritarian and dictatorial leadership Centralization of decision making authority and power Limits participation of subordinates in decision making Works as dictator Defines what to do and how to do the work Do not take any suggestion from the subordinates
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Autocratic Style
Use statements like Do what you are told and do not ask any questions Leads to poor morale, frustration and conflict between leaders and followers Holds threat of penalties and punishment with rewards and praises too Take credit for accomplishments but put blame for failure on their subordinates
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Autocratic Style
Style is appropriate and works when:
subordinates lack training, experience and knowledge about the goals, plans and strategies of the organization Leader prefers to be dominant and active in decision making There is no room for error in performance

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Autocratic Style
ADVANTAGES Quick decision making Maintain discipline DISADVATAGES Negative motivation Lack development of subordinates One way communication Not preferred by subordinates

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Autocratic leadership
Strict autocracy use negative motivation like threatening them with penalty, punishment, demotion etc. Benevolent autocracy positive motivation like incentives , promotion, remuneration etc

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Democratic Leadership Style

Democratic Style
Participative Style Decentralized authority and decision making Encourage subordinate to participate in decision making Plans and policies are prepared by upper level whereas subordinates are responsible for their implementation Improve job satisfaction and morale of employees Shows concern for needs, feelings and desire of employees
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Democratic Style
Follow performance based reward system Two way communication between the top level (instruction and guidance)and subordinates (achievement, problems and suggestion)

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Democratic Style
Style is appropriate and works when:
Subordinates are trained, experienced and skilled Goals and objectives have been effectively communicated to subordinates Subordinates are active and enthusiastic Willing to participate in organizational matters

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Democratic style
ADVANTAGES Development of subordinates Better decision making with the views of subordinates Increase employee satisfaction Subordinates become responsible Two way communication DISADVATAGES Time consuming for decision making Leader may be misinterpreted as incompetent and inefficient Leaders may try to avoid responsibility May cause indiscipline

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Laissez-Faire Leadership Style

Laissez-Faire or Free rein Style

Leader delegates the decision making authority to subordinates Subordinates plan, organize, motivate and control their own activities They are responsible for their own actions Leader avoids power and responsibility
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Laissez-Faire or Free rein Style

Role of leader is to provide advice and direction as demanded by the employees. Enjoy freedom Self directed, self motivated and self controlled subordinates

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Laissez-Faire or Free rein Style

Style is appropriate and works when: Goals have been well communicated to subordinates Subordinates have accepted their goals The leader is interested in delegating authority Subordinates are highly qualified and trained

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Laissez-Faire or Free rein Style

ADVANTAGES High level of motivation as group runs on its own High development of employees Higher job satisfaction DISADVATAGES No proper direction provided (lack focus) Lack of prompt decision making People avoids responsibility Problem of coordination is created
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Command and Authority in Management Hierarchy

Assignment
Differentiate between Democratic and Autocratic leadership style Differentiate between Democratic and Laissez- Faire leadership style

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General Questions
Define leadership State any three functions of leadership Why is leadership important ? State any two advantages of autocratic leadership style Explain democratic leadership style along with its importance

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Qualities of Leadership
Vision and Foresight Intelligence Sense of responsibility Trustworthy Emotional maturity Technical knowledge Organizing ability Motivation and communication skill Ability of judgment Human relation expert
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Vision and Foresight

Should know where the organization wants to be in future A leader must have vision and foresight of how to begin the work and how to achieve organizational objectives. Must be farsighted Guide and lead the subordinates
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Intelligence
Mental quality of a leader Ability to deal with complex and difficult types of problems and situation Analytical ability Should be able to carry out logical analysis
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Sense of responsibility
Should be morally responsible for activities done under his/her supervision Must be accountable for his/her action as well as actions of employees working under him/her

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Trustworthy
The ability to be honest, integrity and fair in implementing organizational policies and decisions. A leader needs to be trusted by the employees. The employees under his supervision blindly trust him.

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Emotional maturity
Emphasize on maintaining patience while taking decision Should be clam and collective Storms, emotions, and crises come and go and a good leader takes these as part of the journey and keeps a cool head.

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Technical knowledge
Should have basic technical knowledge on all activities done in the organization Should be able to guide the employees technically so that the work can be done in efficient and economic way Should upgrade his knowledge as well
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Organizing ability
Systematize the work place Appropriate division of work Arrange necessary material and physical facilities at work place Maintain coordination among the employees
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Motivation and Communication skill

Should be able to create willingness to work in the employees Able to apply motivation techniques like giving out incentives, recognition, promotions etc Communication skill to maintain up to date relation with employees Focus two way communication and interaction

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Ability of Judgment
Ability to understand the effect of ones actions on coworkers, on the organization, on customers, suppliers, and the community at large Ability to take right and rational decision Should be able to avoid nepotism and favoritism

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Human relation expert

Should know how to maintain relationship with the stakeholders of the organization Should understand the feelings , needs and desire of employees

Has to deal in a polite and friendly way

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