SUCKER ROD PUMP

GROUP 6

Content
Introduction Components Mechanism Classification

Efficiency
Disadvantages Recent Advancement

Flowing Wells

Defined as any well which has sufficient pressure in the reservoir to cause the oil or gas to flow naturally to the surface through the wellbore. A well which produces oil or gas without any means of artificial lift. They require relatively little equipment or expense to bring the oil to the surface.

The equipment commonly used consists of tubing, wellhead and x-mas tree.
3

SUCKER ROD PUMP

Sucker rod pump is a device used to bring oil from the reservoir to the surface because of decreasing reservoir pressure.
Generally artificial lift is achieved by the use of a mechanical device inside the well or by decreasing the weight of the hydrostatic column by injecting gas into the liquid some distance down the well. It is needed in wells when there is insufficient pressure in the reservoir to lift the produced fluids to the surface. It also often used in naturally flowing wells (which do not technically need it) to increase the flow rate above what would flow naturally.

Sucker Rod Pump

COMPONENTS
The individual components of a sucker-rod pumping system can be divided in two major groups: surface and down hole equipment. The main elements of a common installation are shown in Fig.

Surface Equipment's

Downhole Equipments

Prime mover: That provides the driving power Rod string: Composed of sucker rods, run inside to the system and can be an electric motor or a the tubing string of the well. gas engine. Gear reducer or Gearbox: Reduces the speed Pump Plunger: The moving part of a usual of the prime mover to a suitable pumping speed sucker-rod pump is directly connected to the rod Pumping unit: A mechanical linkage that string transforms the rotary motion of the gear reducer Pump barrel or working barrel: Is the stationary into the reciprocating motion . part (cylinder) of the subsurface pump. Polished rod : Connects the walking beam to the sucker-rod string and ensures a sealing surface at Travelling valve: Is part of the plunger assembly. the wellhead to keep well fluids within the well. Wellhead Assembly : Contains a stuffing box Standing valve: Is located at the bottom of the that seals on the polished rod and a pumping tee working barrel. to lead well fluids into the flow line.

MECHANISM
The subsurface pumps used in sucker-rod pumping work on the positive displacement principle and are of the cylinder and piston type. Their basic parts are the working barrel (cylinder), the plunger (piston), and two ball valves. The valve affixed to the working barrel acts as a suction valve and is called the standing valve. The other valve, contained in the plunger, acts as a discharge valve and is called the traveling valve. These valves operate like check valves and their opening and closing during the alternating movement of the plunger provides a means to displace well fluids to the surface.

MECHANISM
Each Pumping Cycle Consist of 2 Strokes

Upstroke

Downstroke
9

UPSTROKE
At the start of the upstroke, after the plunger has reached its lowermost position, the traveling valve closes due to the high hydrostatic pressure in the tubing above it. Liquid contained in the tubing above the traveling valve is lifted to the surface during the upward movement of the plunger.

At the same time, the pressure drops in the space between the standing and traveling valves, causing the standing valve to open.
Wellbore pressure drives the liquid from the formation through the standing valve into the barrel below the plunger. Lifting of the liquid column and filling of the barrel with formation liquid continues until the end of the upstroke.
10

DOWNSTROKE
After the plunger has reached the top of its stroke, the rod string starts to move downwards.

The downstroke begins, the traveling valve immediately opens, and the standing valve closes.
This operation of the valves is due to the incompressibility of the liquid contained in the barrel.

When the traveling valve opens, liquid weight is transferred from the plunger to the standing valve, causing the tubing string to stretch.
During downstroke, the plunger makes its descent with the open traveling valve inside the barrel filled with formation liquid. At the end of the downstroke, the direction of the rod string's movement is reversed, and another pumping cycle begins.
11

CLASSIFICATION OF SRP
Insert Pumps

Based on Type of pump used in subsurface

Insert Pumps SRP Class I Based on counterbalance and lever arrangements Class III
12

BASED ON TYPES OF PUMPS

INSERT PUMPS:Traveling barrel: This option for insert pumps includes a moving barrel assembly and a static plunger assembly. The configuration is most useful in wells with a significant amount of "trash," including sand.
Stationary barrel: The stationary version does not move. Instead, the plunger assembly moves up and down with the motion of the pumping unit, it is Contrary to the travelling barrel.

TUBING PUMPS:
It is typically used to achieve higher production rates. The barrel assembly attaches to the end of the tubing string, and the plunger assembly attaches to the sucker rod string.

13

BASED ON COUNTERBALANCE AND SURFACE ARRANGEMENTS.

CLASS l :- In this unit Samson post bearing (fulcrum) is located in the
middle of load and actuating force (prime mover). Common types of class I units.
Crank balanced: motion of crank pivots the walking beam which further actuates the rod motion.
ii} Beam balanced: In which counter balance is positioned at the rear end of

walking beam. They are susceptible to high speeds so usually used for shallow wells.

14

CLASS lll :- The walking beam hinge point is located at the rear end of the
unit and the actuating force is located between pivot point and well.

Air balanced unit

Mark ll units

15

Efficiency of SRP
The overall system efficiency of a sucker rod pump is divided into following parts :-

Lifting Efficiency
Mechanical Efficiency of pumping unit Efficiency of electric motor

16

THE MAJOR ENERGY LOSSES OCCURRING IN THE SYSTEM ARE:Downhole losses including
1. 2. Pump losses Losses in rod string 1. 2.

Surface losses including

Losses in drive train Prime mover losses

3.

Losses in liquid column

17

THE POSSIBLE SOURCES OF ENERGY LOSSES

18

 Lifting Efficiency :

lift = Phydr / PRHP

where: Phydr = hydraulic power used for fluid lifting, HP PRHP = polished rod power required at the surface, HP

Lifting Efficiency includes all the downhole pressure losses

19

 Surface Mechanical Efficiency :

mech = PRHP / Pmot

where:

Pmot = Power required at motors shaft, HP

It covers friction losses in the pumping unit, in the gearbox and in the V-belt.

Motor Efficiency : mot = Pmot / Pe

where:

Pe = Required electrical power input, HP

It represents all losses in the electric motor.

20

So, the overall system efficiency is given by : system = lift mech mot
where: lift = lifting efficiency,

mech = mechanical efficiency of the surface drive train,

mot = overall efficiency of the electric motor.

21

DISADVANTAGES OF SRP
Gas Interference or Gas Lock

Well is Pumped Off

Down hole corrosion Frictional forces b/n rod and tubing in deviated well.

Depth limitation due to mechanical strength of its materials.

Solid production reduces pump life. Surface pumping unit requires a big space; it is heavy and obtrusive. For offshore use, heavy equipment's are required.

22

RECENT ADVANCEMENT- LISTENING TO SRP

23

24

25

26

EXAMPLE:- TIME - 1

27

TIME -2 (AFTER 1 HOUR)

28