OBJECTIVES

1.

List basic rescue knots used in operations and perform the proper knot for a given situation List and perform anchoring ropes for rescue operations. List and demonstrate the simple mechanical advantage using a pulley

2.

3.

DEFINITION

A way of joining or securing length of rope, thread, or other strands by tying the material together or around itself.

DEFINITION

A flexible line made of fibers or wires twisted or braded together for tensil strength. Ropes may be made of natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, jute, flax, manila or sisal; of synthetic filaments such as nylon, polyester or glass fibers; or metallic wire.

TYPES OF ROPE

Dynamic Ropes - is a specially constructed, stretchable rope used to belay climbers, and is designed to stretch under heavy load to absorb the shock of a fallen climber.
Static Ropes - ropes designed to allow relatively little stretch, which is most useful for hauling, rappelling, and other applications.

PARTS OF A ROPE
1. Working End - The end of the rope that is being used to tie a knot or fasten to something. 2. Knot - a tied or interweaved section or rope used to secure another object or complete a task. 3. Bight - A curved section or loop in the rope. 4. Standing Part - The part of the rope between the knot and the standing end. 5. Standing End - The end of the rope that is not involved in making a knot or fastening.

STANDARD OF SAFETY
National Fire Protection Association: weight of load X 15 (Safety Margin) = Required capacity of rope

1 person load = 300lbs X 15 = 4,500lbs = 9mm 2 person load = 600 lbs X 15 = 9,000lbs = 12.74 mm

BASIC LIFE SAFETY KNOTS

Figure of 8 (follow through)

Bowline

BASIC LIFE SAFETY KNOTS

Butterfly

Prusik Hitch

BASIC LIFE SAFETY KNOTS

Munter Hitch

Clove Hitch

BASIC LIFE SAFETY KNOTS

Load Releasing Hitch

Figure of Eight Bend

ANCHORING SYSTEMS

S TRENGTH

OF AN ANCHOR

Anchors must be able to sustain the greatest anticipated force on the high angle system, strong enough it can witstand any force of the high angle system, are said to be bombproof.

This ability of an anchor to withstand necessary forces will depend on a number of factors including:
a. b. c.

Conditions of an Anchor Structural nature of the Anchor Point Location of the force on an Anchor Point

FACTORS

CONDITIONS OF AN ANCHOR
- A live tree usually withstand greater forces than a dead tree.

STRUCTURAL NATURE OF THE ANCHOR POINT - A load bearing structural column in a building will generally withstand greater forces than a handrail.

LOCATION OF THE FORCE ON AN ANCHOR POINT

- A tree with force pulling on it near the groud will generally withstand force than one with the stress high up.

ANCHOR

DIRECTIONAL

ANCHOR

BACKING UP ANCHOR

TYPES OF ANCHORING

Single point Anchor Load Sharing Anchor Self Adjusting Anchor

C RITICAL A NGLE

The critical angles in a 2point anchor system: - Keep angles less than 90

M ECHANICAL A DVANTAGE

Mechanical Advantage is the ratio of the output force produced by a machine to the applied input force

BELAYING

VS

LOWERING

A belay is not the same thing as lowering A belay is a safety measure to catch a person should he fall

Lowering is controlled lowering of persons or equipment using rope through a lowering device or hardware such as a large ring or a figure of eight.

S IMPLE S YSTEMS

S IMPLE S YSTEMS