INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION AND EVOLUTION OF ORGANIZATION THEORY BY SUBRAMANYAM DEGALA

ORGANIZATION - DEFINED
Organization can be defined as a collective social unit deliberately created by a group of people to accomplish specific goals and purposes within loosely delineated boundary on continuing basis with enabling factors for sustained growth.

TYPES OF ORGANIZATION
The types of Organization can be based on a number of factors such as function, purpose, primary beneficiary and the like
Type of organization 1. Mutual benefit association 2. Business organization 3. Service organization 4. Commonwealth organization Primary beneficiary 1. Members 2. Owners 3. Clients 4. Public at large

NTPC Vision, Mission, Core Values and Corporate Social Responsibility

Vision To be the worlds largest and best power producer, powering Indias growth.

Mission Develop and provide reliable power, related products and services at competitive prices, integrating multiple energy sources with innovative and eco-friendly technologies and contribute to society.

NTPC Vision, Mission, Core Values and Corporate social Responsibility

Core Values BE COMMITTED

B E C O M M I T T E D

Business Ethics Environmentally & Economically Sustainable Customer Focus Organisational & Professional Pride Mutual Respect & Trust Motivating Self & others Innovation & Speed Total Quality for Excellence Transparent & Respected Organisation Enterprising Devoted

Corporate Citizenship NTPC is fully committed to achieving high standards of corporate governance and developing mutual trust via expansive CSR initiatives.
Rehabilitation & Resettlement NTPC has been a committed and socially responsible corporate citizen since its inception and formulated specific guidelines for the welfare of Project Empowering People NTPC has marked 15-20% of its CSR-CD budget for education to individual stations ITI Adoption Students of wiremen trade concentrating on practical at ITI Olpad Adopted by NTPC

Scholarship programme:
35 SCHOLARSHIPS FOR SCHEDULED CASTE/ SCHEDULED TRIBE/ PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED ENGINEERING STUDENTS (SCHEME XXIII)

Sustainable Development Policy We at NTPC Limited, commit ourselves to generate and provide reliable

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS IN ORGANIZATION

Departmentalization : The basis by which jobs in an Organization are grouped together. Chain of command: The unbroken line of authority that extends from the top of the Organization to the lowest level and clarifies who reports to whom Unity of Command: The idea that a subordinate should have only one superior to whom he or she is directly responsible. Span of Control: The number of subordinates a manager can efficiently and effectively direct. Centralization: The degree to which decision making is concentrated at single point of an Organization. Formalization: The degree to which jobs with in Organization are standardized

Organizational Life cycle

Classical school Theory

1. Frederick Taylor and Scientific Management:Frederick Winslow Taylors proposed four principles of Scientific Management, that would result in significant increases in productivity. 1. The replacement of rule-of- thumb methods . 2. The scientific selection and training of workers. 3. The co-operation of management and labor to accomplish work objectives. 4. More equal division of responsibility between managers and workers.

2.Henri fayol and Principles of Organization:

He proposed fourteen principles ..
1.Division of work 2. Authority 3. Discipline 4. Unity of Command 5. Unity of Direction 6.Subordination of individual interests to the general interests 7. Remuneration 8. Centralization 9. Scalar Chain 10. Order 11. Equity 12. Stability of tenure of personnel 13. Initiative 14.Esprit de Corps

3. Max Weber and bureaucracy: He called this ideal structure bureaucracy. It was characterized by division of labor, a clear authority hierarchy, formal selection procedures, detailed rules and regulations, and impersonal relationships.

4. Ralph Davis and Rational Planning:

Davis stated that the primary objective of a business firm is economic service. Business cant survive if it doesnt provide economic value. The rational planning perspective offered a simple and straightforward model for designing an organization.

Type 2 Theorists( Social nature of organizations)

1. Elton mayo and the Hawthorne Studies: 2. Chester Barnard and Cooperative Systems: Merging the ideas of Taylor, Fayol, and Weber with the results from the Hawthorne studies led to the conclusion that organizations are cooperative systems. so manager need to organize around the requirements of the tasks to be done and the needs of the people who will do them.

3.Douglas McGregor and Theory X- Theory Y

He concluded that a managers view of the nature of human beings is based on a certain grouping of assumptions and that he or she tends to mold his or her behavior toward
subordinates according to these assumptions.

4. Warren Bennis and the Death of Bureaucracy

The strong humanistic theme of the Type 2 theorist culminated with a eulogy to the passing of bureaucracy.

Type 3 Theorists
Herbert Simon and Principles Backlash:
He argued that organization theory needed to go beyond superficial and oversimplified principles to a study of the conditions under which competing principles were applicable.

Katz and Kahns Environmental Perspective:

Daniel Katz and Robert Kahns book The Social Psychology Of Organization ,was a major impetus toward promoting the Type 3 open- systems perspective to organization theory.

 The case for Technology

James Thompson , have made an impressive case for the importance of technology in determining the appropriate structure for an organization.

The Aston Group and Organization Size

In addition to advocates of environment and technology, the Type 3 theorists include those who advocate organization size as an important factor influencing structure.

Type 4 Theorists
March and Simon's Cognitive Limits to rationality They argued that most decision makers selected satisfactory alternatives-alternatives that were good enough. Pfeffers organizations as Political Arenas Jeffrey Pfeffer has built on March and Simons work to create a model of organization theory that encompasses power coalitions, inherent conflict over goals and organizational design decisions that favor the self-interest of those in power. The Changing Face of organizational Theory