PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE

Training By Kishor Bhatia

PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE

When mating parts are to be assembled over tight fitting pins or studs or with parts threaded into a tapped hole, it is possible for interference to result due to lack of perpendicularity of holes, even though the holes are located within their positional tolerances

PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE

Interference results with the mating part due to lack of perpendicularity, though the axis of the threaded hole lies within the tolerance zone
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PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE

Interference controlled by using projected tolerance zone concept. This is generally applied to threaded or press fit holes/ studs. It is specified on the drawing by indicating the length of the projected

zone with the symbol

This symbol is indicated on the drawing beneath the feature control symbol.
The dimension indicates the axis of the hole is projected for the specified distance from the surface.
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PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE

PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE

The projected portion of the axis must lie completely within the cylindrical tolerance zone specified. The tolerance applies only to the projected portion of the tolerance zone.

For through holes the positional tolerance is to be shown on the side of the part on which the tolerance zone is to be projected.
This side must be readily identifiable.

PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE

If the part is capable of being reversed or used upside down, the projected tolerance zone concept is to be specified for both sides or else not used. For more clarity, for complex/ unusual cases, it is better to clarify with a diagram or explanatory note. If a positional tolerance is shown on an assembly for projecting studs or pins, separate projected tolerance symbol is not required.

Projected positional tolerance may be specified on RFS or MMC basis, but MMC is recommended.

GAUGE FOR PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE ON MMC BASIS

DUAL TOLERANCES

GAUGE FOR DUAL POSITIONAL TOLERANCES

ALTERNATIVE GAUGE DESIGN

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NON-CIRCULAR HOLES

Position of non circular holes

Gauge

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CONTROL IN TWO DIRECTIONS

Some times holes to be controlled closely in one direction and larger tolerance allowed in other coordinate direction. This is indicated by specifying two separate tolerances for the same hole on RFS / MMC basis.
SEPARATE TOLERANCES ON AN RFS BASIS

Separate positional tolerance

Tolerance zone

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CONTROL IN TWO DIRECTIONS

SEPARATE TOLERANCES ON AN RFS BASIS

The tolerance zone results in a rectangular tolerance zone. The tolerance zone of 0.2 x 0.5 is same as the zone resulting from coordinate tolerances of + 0.1 and + 0.25. The method of measuring and evaluation is similar to the coordinate tolerance method.

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CONTROL IN TWO DIRECTIONS

SEPARATE TOLERANCES ON AN RFS BASIS

Separate tolerance for a group of holes

The positional tolerance applies from every hole or datum to every other hole in the group. No accumulation of tolerance occurs such as with coordinate tolerancing. The measured results must be evaluated for location from hole to hole.
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CONTROL IN TWO DIRECTIONS

SIMULTANEOUS TOLERANCES ON AN RFS BASIS

SIMULTANEOUS POSITIONAL TOLERANCES

TOLERANCE ZONE

Instead of separate positional tolerances, dual or simultaneous requirements may be specified. If the tolerances are unequal the tolerance zone is elliptical. If tolerances are equal the zone results in a circular zone. For evaluation measurements must be made in both directions.
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A chart for evaluating the measurements of the parts may be used.

Chart for evaluating parts

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SEPARATE TOLERANCES ON AN RFS BASIS

TABLE OF MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS

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SIMULTANEOUS TOLERANCES ON AN MMC BASIS

SIMULTANEOUS TOLERANCES ON AN MMC BASIS

TOLERANCE ZONE

Using dual or simultaneous positional tolerances on MMC basis permits use of fixed functional GO gauges. The tolerance zone at MMC will be elliptical.
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SIMULTANEOUS TOLERANCES ON AN MMC BASIS

Gauges are similar to a single positional tolerance except the gauging pins must be diamond shape. Diamond pins shall function only if the difference of tolerance is very small
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SEPERATE TOLERANCES ON AN MMC BASIS

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SEPERATE TOLERANCES ON AN MMC BASIS

CHECKING THE VERTICAL POSITION

CHECKING THE HORIZONTAL POSITION

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GROUP OF HOLES WITH POSITIONAL TOLERANCES IN TWO DIRECTIONS

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GAUGE FOR POSITIONAL TOLERANCE IN TWO DIRECTIONS

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ELONGATED HOLES
MMC method is particularly applicable to the tolerancing of elongated holes. Simultaneous requirements should be normally specified. Gauging elements will be made to the same shape as elongated holes

Elongated hole with simultaneous tolerances

Cross section of gauging element 24