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Macromolecular aggregates Different shapes and size that are family specific Size range 18 nm- 300 nm Enveloped, non-enveloped, helical and complex type of structure classes
Icosahedral shells
20 sided solid with five fold axis of symmetry: Most of the non-enveloped viruses have this symmetry
Quasiequivalent structures
Not exact icosahedrons but similar
Helical symmetry
T4 phage, TMV, M13
Capsomeres organize around a central axis to form a helix Pitch and central canal Genome resides in central canal
RNA packaging signal that is recognized by structural proteins Tandem RNA hairpins and coat protein dimer interactions Specific packaging signals like Psi in retroviruses (Zinc knuckle modules) packs RNA only Polyamines
dsDNA genome
T4 phage, animal viruses
The DNA genome has a scaffold protein that drives the structural proteins to form the iscosahedral head Herpesviruses have similar mechanism Adenoviruses have AT rich sequence in left hand of genome that drives structural protein (protein VII) assembly In phage PRD1 a protein called IVa2 is an ATPase that drives energy dependent packaging
dsRNA genome
Segmented viruses (rota, reo pahse psi6) A 12 protein complex forms with ATP, structural proteins and RNA genome Energy driven process, RNA inserts into a simultaneously assembling shell
ICTV 2005
A Rhabdovirus !
Chandipura virus
Lancet 2004;364:869
ORTHMYXOVIRUS
Clarified and fixed fecal sp from dead bird prepared under containment lab, no further I.d ?
Poxviruses
Lesion from farmers hand direct TEM imaging of vesicular fluid
UAc
AMdate
PTA
Parapoxirus
Cryo EM
Reality of structures in zero artifact ?
Fast freezing in liquid ethane Native hydrated structures in amorphous ice Low dose TEM imaging Computer aided image reconstructions Electron tomography
The tegument