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Sedimentary Rocks

Vocabulary
Key Vocabulary: Sedimentary Rock Erosion Deposition Compaction Cementation Clastic rock Chemical Rock Organic Rock

Sedimentary Rock
A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. Sedimentary Rocks are formed by pressure, heat, and drying out.

Sedimentary Rock

Sedimentary Rock
The Earths Crust is made up of solid bedrock. (Bedrock is solid rock that is connected continuously down into the Earths crust, rather than existing as separate pieces or
masses surrounded by loose materials

Sedimentary Rock are by far the most common rock type in the upper crust

Sedimentary Rock
Rocks are broken down by weathering Sediment is transported by wind, water, or glaciers to a new site, where it is deposited in layers. Over time, the sediments are buried and pressed together, or compacted. Eventually, the sediment is cemented together to form new rocks, know as sedimentary rock. This process takes millions of years

Sedimentary Rock
Physical and Chemical processes work together to convert exposed bedrock
Siliciclastic and Chemical

Sedimentary Rock

Clastic fragments of rocks and minerals that have been physically transported and deposited and then converted into rock

Chemical Direct precipitation of minerals from a solution. Only chemical sedimentary rocks are affected by chemical (vinegar/acid), all others are not affected, unless the acid is strong enough.
Organic- Remains of plants and animals that have been converted into rock

Clastic Sedimentary Rock


Clastic Sedimentary Rock: a sedimentary rock made up of mostly of fragments derived from pre-existing rocks and transported mechanically to their places of deposition. (U8) Clastic Sedimentary Rock are made up mostly of fragments, called clasts that are eroded from other rocks. Clay or Mud (Smallest 1/16 mm or smaller Sand (1/16 to 2 mm) Gravel (pebbles to boulders, bigger than 2mm)

Chemical Sedimentary
Rocks consist of materials that have precipitated from the ocean water or lake water (Utah or Death Valley). RememberOnly chemical sedimentary rocks are affected by chemicals
Precipitation: the process of forming solid mineral constituents from a solution by evaporation.

Organic Sedimentary Rock


a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of the remains of organisms (U10). Consists of the mineral calcite, a calcium carbonate mineral with the formula CaCO3
Organic Sedimentary Rock forms when plants in swamps with rich vegetation die and are buried by the remains of later plants

Compaction and Cementation

Compaction and Cementation


Compaction: The reduction in bulk volume or thickness of fine-grained sediments owing to increasing weight of overlaying material that is continually being deposited.
Cementation: The process by which sediments are converted into rock by the precipitation of a mineral cement among the grains of sediment. Lithification is the process of sediment that gradually becomes converted to solid rock. This is called lithified.

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