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Airports Authority of India (AAI) was constituted by an Act of Parliament and came into being on 1st April 1995 by merging erstwhile National Airports Authority and International Airports Authority of India. AAI manages 125 airports, which include 16 International Airport, 08 Customs Airports, 89 Domestic Airports and 26 Civil Enclaves at Defence airfields.
There are two departments in an airport. ATC (Air Traffic Control) CNS (Communication Navigation Surveillance)
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SURVEILLANCE: The systematic observation of airspace by electronic , visual or other means , primarily for the purpose of identifying and determining the movements of aircraft.
Navigation Equipments
LOCALIZER GLIDE PATH
LOCALIZERS
Localizers is used to identify the center line of the runway. The antennas will be located about 1,000 feet from the stop end of the runway. The localizer operates in VHF band. The localizer radiates on a carrier frequency between 108- 122Mhz. The log periodic dipole antenna is used and quantity of antenna must be 12. The signal transmitted consists of two fan shaped patterns that overlap at the centre. The overlap area provides the on-track signal.
Working of Localizer(LZZ)
Glide Path
Glide path is used to determine the landing angle.
The glide path is normally adjusted to an angle of 3. The system operates in the band employs three antennas polarization. 329 335 MHz have vertical
which
DME
Distance Measuring Equipment is most commonly used
Navigational Aids. It provides pilot with Visual information regarding his position relative to the ground based DME station. The DME operates in the UHF frequency band however
Types of DME
Two types of DME are used
LPDME (Low power distance measurement equipment) & power is 100 watt.
PRINCIPLE OF VOR
Compares phase of two 30 Hz signals known as reference and variable phase.
DVOR
NDB TOWER
NDB ANTENNA
6) DVOR
7) NDB
115.9 M.HZ
384 K.HZ