INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

FILE-BASED SYSTEM– collection

of application programs that
perform services for the end-users
such as the production of reports.
Each program defines and manages
its own data.
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DATA PROCESSING– the

restructuring of data to improve
its utility to the business
enterprise. To change the order,
form or method of storage by data
by such operations as sorting,
collating, merging and/or
sequencing.
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
TERMINOLOGIES:

Fields – represents some characteristics

of the real world object that is being
modelled.

Record – fundamental unit of an

information system; it contains a group of
fields.
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
TERMINOLOGIES:

File – collection of records that can be

manipulated by people or machines.

Database – comprehensive collection of

libraries of data.
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

LIMITATIONS OF THE FILE-BASED APPROACH

1. Separation and isolation of data

2. Duplication of data
3. Data dependence
4. Incompatible file formats
5. Fixed queries/proliferation of application
programs
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Database – shared collection of logically-

related data and a description of the data,
designed to meet the information needs of an
organization.
Entity – distinct object in the organization that
is to be represented in the database.
Attribute – property that describes some
aspect of the object that we wish to record.
Relationship – association between entities.
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM(DBMS) – software
system that enables users to
define, create, maintain, and
control access to the database.
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Facilities:
1. Allows users to define the database,
usually through a Data Definition
Language(DLL) – allows users to
specify the data types and structures
and the constraints on the data to be
stored in the database.
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

2. Allows users to insert, update,

delete, and retrieve data from the
database, usually through Data
Manipulation Language(DML). Having
a central repository for all data and
data descriptions allows the DML to
provide a general inquiry facility to this
data called Query Language.
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

3. Provides controlled access to the

database. It may provide:
a. Security system
b. Integrity system
c. Concurrency system
d. Recovery Control system
e. User-accessible catalog
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

COMPONENTS OF DBMS:
1.Hardware
2.Software
3.Data
4.Procedures/Instructions
5.People
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ROLES IN THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT

1. DATA ADMINISTRATOR – responsible for the

management of the data resource including database
planning, development and maintenance of standards,
policies and procedures, and conceptual/logical
database design.
- consults with and advises senior managers,
ensuring that the direction of database development
will ultimately support corporate objectives.
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ROLES IN THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT

DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR – responsible

for the physical realization of the database,
including physical database design and
implementation, security and integrity control,
maintenance of the operational system and
ensuring satisfactory performance of the
applications for users.
- technically-oriented people
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ROLES IN THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT

2. DATABASE DESIGNERS
a. LOGICAL DATABASE DESIGNER – concerned
with identify the data, the relationships between data,
constraints on the data that is to be stored in the database.

b. PHYSICAL DATABASE DESIGNER – decides how

the logical database design is to be physically realized.
-mapping the logical database design into a set of tables.
-selecting specific storage structures and access methods
for the data to achieve good performance.
- designing any security measures required on the data.
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ROLES IN THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT

3. APPLICATION
DEVELOPERS – once the
database has been
implemented, the application
programs that provide the
required functionality for the
end-users must be
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ROLES IN THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT

4. END-USERS – clients for the

database.

a. NAÏVE USERS – unaware of DBMS

b. SOPHISTICATED USERS –
familiar with the structure
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES OF DBMS:

3.Control of data redundancy

4.Data consistency
5.More information from the same amount of
data
6.Sharing of data
7.Improved data integrity
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ADVANTAGES OF DBMS:
6. Improved security
7. Enforcement of standards
8. Economy of scale
9. Balance of conflicting
requirements
10. Improved data accessibility
and responsiveness
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ADVANTAGES OF DBMS:
11. Increased productivity
12. Improved maintenance through data
independence
13. Increased concurrency
14. Improved backup and recovery
services
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS:
1. Complexity
2. Size
3. Cost of DBMS
4. Additional hardware cost
5. Cost of conversion
6. Performance
7. Higher impact of a failure