Path to Enlightenment

Presented by: Dave Abril Vea Aldana Aya Agregado Takeshi Borbajo Stephanie Carag Paolo Creas Carando

Joseph Cruz Neill Chuacuco Alyssa Lim Neil Lorena Paolo Zabat
INTFILO - EQ AY 2013-2014, TERM 1

Introduction

Buddhism is a Philosophy, a moral code, and a religious faith, which started 2500 years ago. It is a way of life in accordance with the Buddhas teachings.
A path of practice and development of one's spirituality leading to the understanding of reality's true nature.

Buddha-Dharma, Way of Buddha, (In the East) Buddhism does NOT worship gods or deities.

Introduction (leads to the true nature of Path of practice & spiritual development
reality) Means of changing oneself: Awareness, Kindness, Wisdom Goal: Enlightenment (to see the nature of reality) suffering ends once attained

The Buddhist path:

(1) to lead a moral life, (2) to be mindful and aware of thoughts and actions, and (3) to develop wisdom and understanding.

History

Siddharta Gautama (Gotama)

north-eastern region of the Indian subcontinent Central, East, and Southeast Asia.
Types of Buddhism Theravda Mahyna Vajrayna

Buddha
Budh One who is awake and capable of awakening others.

Lumbini Garden (Currently the Himalayan Kingdom of Nepal) King Suddhodana

Princess Yasodhara or Bimba Rahula

saw four things at the Royal Gardens old man, sick person, dead body, and Bhramin monk. Gautama @ 29 years old

Buddha as a monk
six years with Bhramin teachers full moon night of May (Visakha) under the Bodhi tree.

Enlightenment.

Buddha

Life is full of problems.

These principles are as follows:

Not to do any evil. To do good deeds. To purify the mind.

Dhamma

Middle Way
Harmoniously navigating between extremes, not choosing opposing positions.

Buddhism in the Worldhat is Buddhism?

Adherents.com

 Theravada

Spread of Buddhism Split of Buddhism: Vajrayana

Originally Hinayana disliked term Way of the Elders Traditional ideals Compassion for humanity Teachings should be available to everyone Big raft Newer ideals

Developed from the Mahayana group Diamond Way Tantric way of practice
(rituals, images, chants)

Mahayana

blends the spiritual and physical worlds

(physical has an effect on the spiritual, vice versa)

Spread of Buddhism

Spread of Buddhism

Comparison
Theravada Individual effort leads to enlightenment For the self only Goal Strives for wisdom first Centres on meditation, and requires personal dedication such as being a monk or nun Followed Original language as a teaching or Philosophy Pali (kamma, dhamma) Mahayana Working towards enlightenment Should also include all living beings Compassion is the highest virtue Encourages practice in the world and among the general community with reference to higher beings (more like a religion) Sanskrit (eg karma, dharma) Gautama Buddha. Amitabha, Medicine Buddhas, among others Many bodhisattvas (not historical) Emphasized (esp. in practice-based schools) Many (cultural influences)

Buddhas
Buddha disciples Buddha nature Rituals

Gautama Buddha only

Historical disciples (in Scriptures) Not taught Very few

Teachings of Buddha

The Three Jewels The Three Jewels 3. Sangha - community 1. Buddha - teacher

2. Dharma - teachings
Dharmachakra Wheel of Law Cycle of Samsara (Rebirth)

The 4 noble Truths

Dukkha
real

- Suffering exists

and almost universal. loss, sickness, pain, failure, the impermanence of pleasure.

Causes:

Samudaya
desire

- There is a cause for suffering.

to have and control things.

Forms:

craving of sensual pleasures; the desire for fame; the desire to avoid

unpleasant sensations like fear, anger or jealousy.

Nirodha

- There is an end to suffering.

ceases with the final liberation of Nirvana (a.k.a. Nibbana).

Suffering

mind
Lets

experiences complete freedom, liberation and non-attachment.

go of any desire or craving.

Magga

- In order to end suffering, you must follow the Eightfold Path

The Eightfold Path

Panna - Discernment, Wisdom (enlightenment)
1. Samma Dithi Right understanding
seeing the world and everything in it as it really is, not what we believe it is

2. Samma Sankappa Right Thinking

commitment to the Path; what life is, what problems there are, what the heart wants

 Sila - Virtue, Morality (equality, reciprocity)

3. Samma Vaca Right Speech recognition of truth: awareness - impact of rumours and gossip; communication helps unite people; never speak unkindly 4. Samma Kammanta Right Conduct by following the Five Precepts; consideration to others; Five Precepts; Not taking what is not given 5. Samma Ajiva Right Livelihood equality, respect for all lives

The Eightfold Path

The Eightfold Path Samadhi - Concentration, Meditation (mental development)

6. Samma Vayama Right Effort positive attitude in a balanced way; welcome clear and honest thoughts; disregard anger and jealousy 7. Samma Sati Right Mindfulness awareness of the moment; linked to meditation; focusing on the moment; aims not to exclude the world but instead to focus on it 8. Samma Samadhi Right Concentration concentration on an object or a concept; selecting worthy directions for concentration

The Five Precepts

Do not kill. Do not steal.

Do not lie.
Do not misuse sex. Do not consume alcohol or other drugs.

The Three Posions

- Ignorance - Greed

- Will

Common Misconceptions Buddha is fat

- in Chinese Buddhism

Buddha is God - was not a deity. Normal man who attained

enlightenment through personal efforts
o

Budai

Bdi ()
Cloth Sack Chinese Folklore deity Wealth & Fortune (merchants)

Common Misconceptions
All Buddhists require meditation depends on the sect (ex.: Zen) Dalai Lama is the head of Buddhism - The Dalai Lama is the
spiritual leader of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, but not of the many other Mahayana schools, Zen schools, or Theravada.

Buddhists believe in reincarnation - Rebirth, not reincarnation

(not a transmigrating soul)

Buddhism is a reformation of Hinduism - Buddhism is in sharp

contrast to Hinduism. The Hinduism at the time of Buddha transmigrate soul, and do animal sacrifices. The Buddha's teachings rejected a permanent soul, animal sacrifices.

Common Misconceptions
Buddhists welcome suffering - positive approach towards
suffering (opportunity to grow, become stronger)

Buddhists are praying for good fortune when they "gassho (putting of hands together and bowing) expression of humility, gratitude. Thankful, not wishful

Practices
Sila - a code that embraces self restraint with the
principal motivation, or freedom of causing harm. -based on two fundamental practices: *Principle of Equality *Principle of Reciprocity

Samadhi - concentration, meditation, mental

development.

Prajna - Discernment, insight, wisdom, enlightenment.

 concentration control purification

Meditation calming one's mind

Kinds: 1. Samatha Bhavana (Concentration Medication)

o aims to focus the mind o mind temporarily becomes calm

2. Vipassana Bhavana (Insight Meditation)

o achieving complete insight regarding natural phenomena o understanding all things as they are

Karma & Intention

Karma
"act," "action" or "deed"
explains how past actions affect a person, positively or negatively, in

the future

Intention
Combined intended actions add up to what a person currently is.

Nirvana

Freedom end of needless suffering

End of rebirth

Dharma Day or Asalha Puja marks the beginning of the Buddha's teaching. celebrated with readings from the Buddhist scriptures (reflect contents)

Festivals

Losar (Tibetan New Year) 3-day festival activities that symbolizes purification and welcoming in the new year. Buddhist New Year Similar to Losar (celebrations depends on the countrys culture)
Sangha Day (Fourfold Assembly or Magha Puja Day) It is a celebration in honour of the Sangha (Buddhist community).

Kathina Largest alms-giving ceremony of the Buddhist year.

Festivals

Parinirvana (Nirvana Day) a Mahayana Buddhist festival marks the death of the Buddha. celebrbated because: Buddhists believe that having attained Enlightenment, Buddha achieved freedom from physical existence and its sufferings.

Wesak celebrated on the full moon in May. celebrates Buddha's birthday, his enlightenment and death.

References
Gach, G. (2009). Buddhism (Third Edition). New York: Marie Butler-Knight. Laumakis, S. (2008). An Introduction to Bhuddist Philosophy. New York: Cambridge University Press. Phangcham, V. D. (1993). Buddhism for Young Students. Thailand: Wat Dhammaram Study School. http://buddhism.about.com/od/abuddhistglossary/g/nirvanadef.htm http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/karma.htm http://www.buddha101.com/p_nirvana.htm http://thebuddhistcentre.com/buddhism http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/ http://www.dhammawiki.com/index.php?title=Misconceptions_about_Buddhism http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/history/bstatt10.htm http://religions.pppst.com/buddhism.html http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/F001 http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/buddhism/buddhist_philosophy.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_philosophy http://www.buddha101.com/ http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/5minbud.htm http://thebuddhistcentre.com/buddhism

Thank you for listening

Presented by: Dave Abril Vea Aldana Aya Agregado Takeshi Borbajo Stephanie Carag Paolo Creas Carando Joseph Cruz Neill Chuacuco Alyssa Lim Neil Lorena Paolo Zabat

Path to Enlightenment

INTFILO - EQ AY 2013-2014, TERM 1