Statutory Provisions (safety)

1. Fencing of Machinery 2. Work on or Near Machinery in Motion 3. Employment of Young Persons on Dangerous Machines 4. Striking Gear and Devices For Cutting Of Power 5. Self acting machines 6. Casing of New Machinery

 Prohibition of Employment of Women and Children Near Cotton openers. Hoists and Lifts Lifting Machines, Chains and Ropes Revolving Machinery Pressure Plant Floors and stairs Pits, sumps, opening in Floors etc. Excessive Weights Protection of Eyes Protection against Dangerous Fumes.

 Maintenance of building
Safety of Building and Machinery Safety Officers. Precaution against explosive or Inflammable Dust, Gas, etc.

Health Management
Workers are prone to certain occupational diseases caused by inherent working conditions in some specific occupations. According to joint ILO-WHO Committee on Organizations health industrial health is 1. The prevention and maintenance of physical, mental, and social well being of workers in all occupations. 2. Preventions among workers of ill health caused by the working conditions.

3.Protections of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health. 4. Placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physical and psychological equipments.

 So, Industrial Health is required ;

1. To maintain and improve productivity and quality of work. 2. To improve employee motivation and morale 3. To reduce spoilage and cost of operations. 4. To reduce industrial unrest, indiscipline and accidents 5. To minimise absenteeism and turnover.

Occupational Hazards
Chemical Hazards Biological Hazards Environmental Hazards psychological Hazards

Health maintenance programme

Measures can be categorised into two: i. Preventive ii. curative Preventive includes : Pre employment and periodic medical examination. Removal of health hazards to the extent possible. Emergency treatment for accidents.

 Training of first Aid personnel Education of workers in health and hygiene. Curative measures are adopted when workers suffer from ill health and diseases. Both the measures are complementary.

Measures to be Adopted Under Health Maintenance Programme

Supervision and maintenance of hygiene and sanitation in factory premises and surrounding area. Inoculation for the prevention of communicable disease. Active cooperation with public health agencies. Periodical medical check up of employees.

 Annual medical check up of those employees who are exposed to occupational hazards and diseases.

Pre employment medical check up of new employees.

Provision for treatment of sick employees by professional medical staff. Adequate emergency care and hospitalization facilities.

Statutory Provisions (health)

Cleanliness Disposal of waste Ventilation and temperature Dust and fume Artificial Humidification Overcrowding Lighting Drinking water Toilets spittoons

Stress
Stress is the impact of one object on another. Stress, Strain and Pressure are the terms used synonymously. As per medical explanation the term Stress is the bodys general response to environmental studies. It is non specifically induced changes within a biological system. Selye

 Job stress is a condition arising from the interaction of people and their jobs and characterised by changes within people that force them to deviate from their normal functioning So, Stress may results in any kind of deviation physical, psychological or behavioural in the person. It may be the result of persons interaction with environmental stimuli. Stress is not always dysfunctional. Eustress Stress can be either temporary or long term.

Causes of Stress
Individual stressors Organisational stressors Group stressors Extraorganisational stressors

 Individual Stressors 1. Life and Career Changes 2. Personality type Type A and Type B 3. Role characteristics Role Conflict Role Ambiguity

 Organisational Stressors
1. Organisational policies 2. Organisational Structure 3. Organisational processes

4. Physical conditions

Group Stressors Lack of Group Cohesiveness Lack of Social Support Conflicts

Extraorganisational Stressors Social and Technical changes Economic And Financial conditions Social class conflict Community condition

Effects of Stress
Eustress Distress Physical Problems Psychological Problems Behavioural Problems Burnout Rustout

Consequences Of Stress
Subjective effects : Anxiety, aggression, boredom, depression, irritability, tension, nervousness, frustration Behavioural effects : accident proneness, drug use, emotional outburst, excessive eating or loss of appetite, excessive drinking and smoking, impulsive behavior

 Cognitive effects : inability to make decisions and concentrate, frequent forgetfulness, hypersensitivity to criticism and mental blocks. Psychological effects : increased blood pressure, increase blood glucose level, dryness of the mouth, sweating, difficulty in breathing, hot and cold spells, numbness Organisational effects : Absenteeism, high accident rate, high turnover rate, poor working climate, hob dissatisfaction.

Stress And Coping Mechanism

Individual dealing with a demanding environment Unable to cope

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR

Defensive behavior

anxiety
MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR

Stress symptoms

NEED SUPPORT

Stress Management
Individual coping strategies Physical Exercise Relaxation AND meditation Time management Cognitive therapy : Lectures and interactive discussion sessions. Recognise the task which may be stressful. Awareness of effects of such stress. Consequences of stress. Self defeating techniques.

 Organisational Coping Strategies : Supportive organisational climate Job Enrichment Organisational Role Clarity Career Planning And Counseling Stress control Workshop Service benefits like marriage gifts, birthday bonus, health Club membership

 Hindustan Times Article gives following techniques of coping stress : o Keep a pet o Say your prayers o Sing aloud o Laughter o Right sleep o Take a walk o Make friends o Enjoy the Idiot Box o Cultivate some hobby o Have faith on God.