PROPORTIONAL SEGMENTS & BASIC SIMILARITY THEOREM

ILLUSTRATION
Pt. X divides segment AB so that AX to A XB is 3 : 2. Pt. Y divides segment CD so that CY to YD is 3 : 2

12

X Y

B D

THEOREM: PROPORTIONAL SEGMENTS Two segments are divided proportionally if the measures of the segments of one have the same ratio as the measures of the corresponding segments of the other. A
12

X Y

SOME PROPORTIONS 1. AX

B D

XB 12 8 3 2

CY YD
6 4 3 2

THEOREM: PROPORTIONAL SEGMENTS Two segments are divided proportionally if the measures of the segments of one have the same ratio as the measures of the corresponding segments of the other. A
12

X Y

SOME PROPORTIONS 2. AB

B D

XB 20 8 5 2

CD YD 10 4
5 2

THEOREM: PROPORTIONAL SEGMENTS Two segments are divided proportionally if the measures of the segments of one have the same ratio as the measures of the corresponding segments of the other. A
12

X Y

SOME PROPORTIONS 3. AB

B D

AX 20 12 5 3

CD CY 10 6
5 3

THEOREM: PROPORTIONAL SEGMENTS Two segments are divided proportionally if the measures of the segments of one have the same ratio as the measures of the corresponding segments of the other. A
12

X Y

SOME PROPORTIONS 4. AX +AB

B D

AX 32 12 8 3

CY +CD CY

16 6 8 3

Illustrative Examples

Suppose segment AC and segment MP are divided proportionally by points B and N respectively. Then,
A
1. AB

B N

12

C P

BC
2. AB

MN NP
BC NP

MN

Suppose segment AC and segment MP are divided proportionally by points B and N respectively. Then,
A
3. AB

B N

12

C P

AC
4. BC

MN MP
NP MP

AC

Find the unknown parts assuming the segments are divided proportionally.
Solution: X : 32 = 6 : 8 Applying the law of proportion 8(x) = 6( 32) 8x = 192 X = 24

32

Illustrative examples
SOLVE: One string is divided into lengths 18 cm and 15 cm. a second string is also to be divided into such that the two strings will become proportional. If the longest portion of the second string has length 60 cm, what is the length of the other portion of the second string?

Solution:

Let x = the length of the other portion of the second string.

15 18 5 6 5(60) x 60

x 60 x 60 6x

6x = 300

15

18

X = 50, the length of the other portion of the second string

BASIC PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM

If a line intersects two sides of a triangle and is parallel to the third side, then it divides the first two sides proportionally.

RESTATEMENT OF THE THEOREM

If a line (EF) intersects two sides ( AB & CB) of a triangle (ABC) and E is parallel to the third side( AC ), then it divides the first two sides proportionally. A Thus,

OTHER PROPORTIONS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

BE : BE : BA : BE : FC : EF : EF :

EA = BF : FC BA = BF : BC EA = BC : FC BF = EA : FC EA = BC : BA AC = BF : BC AC = BE : BA

VERIFYING A PROPORTIONS ( an example)

1. BE : EA = BF : FC 15 : 5 = 12 : 4 By simplifying, 3 : 1 = 3 : 1
B
15

12 6

E
5

F
4

VERIFYING A PROPORTIONS
2. BE : BA = BF : BC
15

: 20 = 12 : 16
E
5

B
15 6

By simplifying,

12

: 4 =3:4
A

F
4

VERIFYING A PROPORTIONS
3. BA : EA = BC : FC 20 : 5 = 16 : 4

B
15

12 6

By simplifying,

: 1=4:1
A

E
5

F
4

VERIFYING A PROPORTIONS
4. BE : BF = EA : FC 15 : 12 = 5 : 4 By simplifying,
5
B
15

12 6

: 4=5:4
A

E
5

F
4

VERIFYING A PROPORTIONS
5. FC : EA = BC : BA 4 : 5 = 16 : 20 By simplifying,

B
15

12 6

4: 5=4:5
A

E
5

F
4

VERIFYING A PROPORTIONS
6. EF : AC = BF : BC 6 : 8 = 12 : 16 By simplifying,
3 B
15

12 6

: 4=3:4
A

E
5

F
4

VERIFYING A PROPORTIONS
6. EF : AC = BE : BA 6 : 8 = 15 : 20 By simplifying,

B
15

12 6

3: 4=3:4
A

E
5

F
4

Exercises
GIVEN:

DE // BC, AD = 9, AE = 12, DE = 10,DB = 18. Find,

BC,

A
9 12 10 18

AC and CE.
B

Solution
Find
BC

BC,
A
9 12 10 18

: DE = BA : DA BC : 10 = 27 : 9 or BC : 10 = 3 : 1 Applying principle of proportion BC(1) = 10(3) BC = 30

30
C

Solution
Find
AC

AC,
A
9 12 10 18

: AE = BA : DA AC : 12 = 27 : 9 or AC : 12 = 3 : 1 Applying principle of proportion AC(1) = 12(3)

AC

= 36

Solution
Find
CE

CE,
A
9 12 10 18

: AE = BD : DA CE : 12 = 18 : 9 or CE : 12 = 2 : 1 Applying principle of proportion CE(1) = 12(2) CE = 24

E
24 C

Solution
Another

find CE,

way to
A
9 12 10 18

CE

= AC - AE Hence, AC =36, then CE = 36 - 12 CE = 24

B

E
24 C

Quiz
Solve the following problem. Show your solution.( one half crosswise)

1. Uncle Tom plans to divide an 80- meter rope into three pieces in the ratio 3 : 5 : 8. what will be the length of each piece?

QUIZ
2. In the figure, find the values of x and y.
30 y 12 15 10

Assignment

Answer test yourself nos. 1 5 and 18 and 19 Geometry textbook, page 148