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Raw opium: is the air dried latex obtained by the incisions from the unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum (Papaveraceae). Latex is Opium is the source of many alkaloids, including morphine, thebaine, codeine, papaverine, and noscapine. Morphine is the predominant one.
Overview
Opiates are constituents or derivatives of constituents found in opium. Opiates are narcotic analgesic. Narcotic refers to the pain-relieving and sleep-inducing properties of these highlyaddictive alkaloids, including morphine, codeine and thebaine. Morphine is named after Morpheus the god of sleep, while (somniferum) means "to sleep" in Latin.
The major biologically active alkaloids found in opium are morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine and noscapine. Papaverine and noscapine, have little to no effect on the human central nervous system, and are not usually considered to be narcotic. They have have a different mechanism of action. papaverine is smooth-muscle relaxant and noscapine is antitussive.
Classification
Natural opiates:are alkaloids contained in the latex of opium as morphine, codeine, and thebaine. Semi-synthetic opioids: created from the natural opiates, such as heroin, oxycodone, and hydrocodone are derived from morphine, codeine, and thebaine. (heroin is diacetylmorphine)
Fully synthetic opioids: such as pethidine, methadone, tramadol. Endogenous opioid peptides, produced naturally in the body, such as endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins, and endomorphins.
Benzylisoquinoline gp.
Phenylethylamine gp.
Opiate poisoning
Opiate poisoning can range from discomfort like constipation to death from respiratory depression. Alcohol and other sedatives enhance the effect of opiates, especially respiratory depression