HSDPA Technology

ZTE University

Content

HSDPA Fundamentals HSDPA Channels HSDPA Main Technology

High Speed Data Services Landscape

GPRS Mobility

EGPRS

UMTS

HSDPA

Emerging Technologies
OFDM

Emerging Technologies
WiFi Bluetooth Dial-Up Broadband

10Base-T

100Base-T

T-1

Throughput

Standard Evolution
2G 3G PDC

GSM

GPRS EDGE

W-CDMA

HSDPA

IS136 1xEV-DV

IS95A

IS95B

1xRTT

3xEV-DV

1xEV-DO

0.31 M 0.38 M 2M 2.4M 3.1M

1xRTT

EGPRS

W-CDMA

1xEV-DO

1xEV-DV HSDPA
UE Category 6

Theoretical Peak User Data Rates

3.6M

14.4M

HSDPA
Enhanced UE

HSDPA Key Points

Radio Access Technology Downlink Only

High Throughputs

Low Latency

Shared Channels

PS Dedicated

HSDPA Main Concepts & Benefits

HSDPA
No Fast Power Control (100% of available power used) No Variable Spreading (SF = 16) No Soft Handover (for DL user data channel) Time & Code Multiplexing of User Data (Shared Channel) Adaptive Modulation & Coding (Rate Adaptation) Fast Retransmission / Scheduling Layer in NodeB Short Radio Framing (2ms)

Higher User Data Rates

Lower Service Response Time

Higher Packet Data Capacity

Better Services Availability

Better End-User Perceived Quality

HSDPA Market Applications

Business Market Consumer Market

Virtual Office Corporate VPN

Multiplayer Gaming Video Streaming & TV Advertising / News Broadcast Music & Video Downloads Web Surfing ...

Remote Applications / Tools

Web Browsing Massive Downloads ...

Working Anywhere!

Having Fun!

Perspective of HSDPA application

Higher data rate More users Richer service Obvious advantage to compete with other 3G technology like CDMA2000

HSDPA handset

HSDPA coverage
HSDPA Modem

HSDPA Modem HSDPA fixed terminal Flexible access

HSPDA data card

HSDPA data card HSDPA PDA Mixed with WMAN (WiMAX) and WLAN (Wi-Fi), more advantage of broadband wireless access

UMTS R99/R4 coverage

HSDPA PDA

HSDPA-roundly improves the value of UMTS network

Radio Resource Allocation

Dedicated Channel Dedicated Channel Dedicated Channel

Shared Channel

User Throughput Management

Same Throughput

Unused

Power Control

Unused Power

Data

Data Power

100%

Rate Adaptation

100% Power

Spectral Efficiency
1xEV-DO
1.25MHz

1xEV-DO Data

3 x 1.25MHz Carrier

Bandwidth/Carrier Peak Data Rate

5 MHz 3.6 Mbps (Cat. 6) 14.4 Mbps (Cat. 10) QPSK/16QAM Turbo 1/3 HARQ 2 ms depending on load and environment

1.25 MHz 2.4 Mbps

1.25MHz

HSDPA

1xEV-DO

Modulation on Data Channel Channel Coding L1 Retransmission Transmission Interval Sector Throughput

QPSK/8PSK/16QA M Turbo 1/3 HARQ

5 MHz

1.25MHz

1xRTT Voice & Data

time

HSDPA Data
1 x 5 MHz Carrier

1.6 ms depending on load and environment

UMTS Voice & Data

HSDPA

Beyond HSDPA
Release 6 Release 7 Release 7

Throughput & Capacity

MIMO

OFDM

Content

HSDPA Fundamentals HSDPA Channels HSDPA Main Technology

HSDPA Protocol Stack

HS-PDSCH
Data Transfer (PS I/B)

HS-SCCH
Downlink Transfer Information (UEid, OVSF,...)

Introduction of MAC-hs

RNC Iub

HS-DPCCH DPCH
Upper Layer Signaling Feedback Information (CQI, ACK/NACK)

New Transport channel HS-DSCH

RLC MAC-d

New Frame Protocols HS-DSCH

RLC MAC-d

MAC-hs
PHY

MAC-hs Uu
PHY

HS-DSCH FP
L2 L1

Flow control

Iub

HS-DSCH FP L2 L1

UE

NodeB

RNC

HSDPA Layer2/Layer1 Flows

RRC (RNC) RLC (RNC)
MAC Control

PCCH BCCH CCCH CTCH

MAC Control

MAC Control

DCCH DTCH DTCH

MAC-hs (NodeB) MAC-c/sh (C-RNC)

MAC-d (S-RNC)

Associated Downlink Signaling

HS-DSCH

Associated Uplink Signaling

PCH

FACH

RACH

CPCH

DSCH

DCH

DCH

R5 L1: HSDPA (NodeB)

HS-SCCH HS-PDSCH HS-DPCCH

R4 L1: Channel Coding / Multiplexing (NodeB)

S-CCPCH S-CCPCH PRACH PCPCH PDSCH DPCH DPDCH/DPCCH

MAC-hs Architecture (UTRAN side)

to MAC-d or MAC-c/sh MAC-d flows MAC-hs Flow Control Scheduler Priority Queue Distribution Priority Queue Priority Queue Priority Queue Distribution Priority Queue Priority Queue

HARQ TFRC Selection

Associated Downlink Signaling

HS-DSCH

Associated Uplink Signaling

HSDPA Channel Configuration

Logical Channels
DCCH DTCH DCCH DTCH

DCH

Transport Channels

DCH

DCH

HS-DSCH

Layer 1

Physical Channels

DPCH

DPDCH

DPCCH

HS-PDSCH

HS-SCCH

HS-DPCCH

HS-DSCH Parameters
Higher Layer
RLC

RAB
Logical channel type RLC mode Payload sizes, bit Max data rate, bps AMD PDU header, bit

RAB DL ?kbps
DTCH AM 320 ? (depends on UE category) 16 0 N/A 336 21 HS-DSCH NA NA 2

MAC

MAC-d header, bit MAC multiplexing MAC-d PDU size, bit MAC-hs header fixed part, bit

Layer 1

TrCH type TB sizes, bit TFS TTI, ms

Coding type
CRC, bit Max number of bits/TTI after channel coding RM attribute

TC
24 NA NA

MAC-hs PDU
1 bit VF 3 bits QID 6 bits TSN 3 bits SID 7 bits N 1 bit F

MAC-hs Header

MAC-hs SDU

...

MAC-hs SDU

Padding

21 bits
MAC-hs Payload

HS-DSCH Coding Chain

CRC attachment Bit Scrambling Code Block Segmentation Turbo Coding R4 Modified Functionality HARQ Entity Physical Channel Segmentation HS-DSCH Interleaving Constellation Rearrangement (16QAM) Physical Channel Mapping R4 Functionality

New Functionality

HS-SCCH Coding Chain

OVSF Code Set Modulation Scheme TBS HARQ MUX

s, r, b

RV Coding

NDI

MUX

CRC

CC 1/3

UEId

UE Masking

Rate Matching

CC 1/3

MUX

Puncturing

CC 1/3

UE Masking

Rate Matching

Slot #0: Code Set, Modulation

Slot #1: TBS, HARQ TSUBFRAME = 2ms

Slot#2: RV, NDI

HS-PDSCH
TSLOT = 2560 chips, Ndata bits Data bits

Slot #0

Slot #1

Slot#2

TSUBFRAME = 2ms Slot Format 0 (QPSK) 1 (16QAM) Channel Bit Rate 480 kbps 960 kbps Channel Symbol rate 240 ksps 240 ksps 16 16 SF Bits per Subframe 960 1920 320 640 Ndata

HS-SCCH
TSLOT = 2560 chips = 40 bits Data bits

Slot #0

Slot #1

Slot#2

TSUBFRAME = 2ms Slot Format 0 Channel Bit Rate 60 kbps Channel Symbol rate 30 ksps 128 SF Bits per Subframe 120 Bits per Slot 40

HS-DPCCH
TSLOT = 2560 chips = 10 bits ACK/NACK CQI

Subframe #0

Subframe #1

Subframe #2

Subframe #3

Subframe #4

TFRAME = 10ms

Slot Format 0

Channel Bit Rate 15 kbps

Channel Symbol rate 15 ksps

SF

Bits per Subframe

Bits per Slot 10

256

30

Radio Interface Timing

BFN tcell SFN P-CPICH 2 ms HS-SCCH#1

HS-SCCH#2

2 slots

HS-PDSCH

achNackRepetitionFactor = 2 HS-DPCCH 7,5 slots

AC K ACK AC K

Downlink Modulation
I
Modulation Mapper x Scrambling HS-PDSCH

S/P

OVSFhs

S
Q 0.4472 1.3416 0.4472 1.3416 -0.4472 -1.3416 -0.4472 -1.3416 0.4472 1.3416 0.4472 1.3416 -0.4472 -1.3416 -0.4472 -1.3416

x 16QAM
nk, nk+1, nk+2, nk+3 0000 0001 0100 0101 0010 i1q1i2q2 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 I 0.4472 0.4472 1.3416 1.3416 0.4472 0.4472 1.3416 1.3416 -0.4472 -0.4472 -1.3416 -1.3416 -0.4472 -0.4472 -1.3416 -1.3416

QPSK
nk, nk+1 iq 00 01 10 11 I Q 1 00 1

0011 0110 0111 1000 1001 1100 1110 1010 1011 1110 1111

01 1 -1 10 -1 1 11 -1 -1

Uplink Modulation
OVSFd1
DPDCH1 DPDCH3 DPDCH5 HS-DPCCH if Nmax-DPDCH = 2, 4, 6 x OVSFd2 x OVSFd3 x OVSFhs

bd
x bd x bd x bhs

x
OVSFd1

x
bd x bd x bd x bc x bhs x Scrambling Modulation

DPDCH2 DPDCH4 DPDCH6 DPCCH if Nmax-DPDCH = 0, 1, 3, 5 HS-DPCCH

x OVSFd2 x OVSFd3 x OVSFc x OVSFhs x

Content

HSDPA Fundamentals HSDPA Channels HSDPA Main Technology

NodeB Role
RNC Capacity Request Control FP Capacity Allocation Control FP Data FP

Flow Control
Dynamically fills the Queues of each UE

Queue IDs

Scheduler
Fills the TTIs with one or more users based on their priority and feedback information

HARQ Processes
Retransmissions handling, TFRC selection, AMC

Feedback Reception

Radio Transmission

HSDPA Channel Operation

OVSF codes

HS-PDSCH
Data Transfer (PS I/B)
2ms

UE #1 UE #2 UE #3 UE #4 UE #5

HS-SCCH
Downlink Transfer Information (UEid, OVSF,...)

DPCH
Upper Layer Signaling

DPCH
Upper Layer Signaling

HS-DPCCH
Feedback Information (ACK/NACK, CQI)

HS-DPCCH
Feedback Information (ACK/NACK, CQI)

HSDPA Working Procedure

Evaluation, HS-DSCH parameters setting

Data Packet Receive data from HS-DSCH according to Detecting HS-SCCH

Node B (AMC and HARQ)

RNC

AMC, modulation and coding selection HARQ, lowers the time delay, improves the data throughput Fast scheduling, quick decision

OVSF Code Tree Reservation

SF4 SF8 SF16 SF32 SF64 HS-PDSCH

HSDPA

HS-SCCH
SF128

SF4 SF8 SF16 SF32 SF64 SF128 SF256 HS-SCCH HS-PDSCH

HSDPA + R4

... ... ... ...

cmCH

AMC Principles
UE Category Reported CQI
AMC Illustration
800

700
600

AMC

2ms

QPSK QPSK QPSK 16QAM 16QAM

Throughput (kbps)

500 400 300 200 100

Coding Rate

Modulation Scheme

Number of OVSF Codes

-20

-15

-10

-5

Ior/Ioc (dB)

Maximum Throughput

AMC Principles
Modulation (QPSK, 16QAM) self-adaptive Good channel state: 16QAM Bad channel state: QPSK

CQI (Report periodically)

Node B

Coding rate (1/3, 3/4, etc.) self-adaptive Good channel state: 3/4 Bad channel state: 1/3

Efficiently utilize the channel condition Good channel state: higher speed Bad channel state: lower speed
Codes adjusting Good channel state: more codes Bad channel state: fewer codes

Modulation Schemes
16QAM
Q

QPSK
1011 1001 0001 0011 Q 10 1010 1000 0000 0010 I I 1110 1100 0100 0110 11 01 00

1111

1101

0101

0111

2 bits per symbol 480kbps per OVSF 960 bits per TTI

4 bits per symbol 960kbps per OVSF 1920 bits per TTI

Modulation Schemes
HSDPA throughput, relative with modulation & coding rate
Modulation coding rate
QPSK 1/4 QPSK 1/2 QPSK 3/4 16QAM 1/2 16QAM 3/4

Data rate (1 code)

120kbps 240kbps 360kbps 480kbps 720kbps

Data rate (5 codes)

600kbps 1.2Mbps 1.8Mbps 2.4Mbps 3.6Mbps

Data rate (15 codes)

1.8Mbps 3.6Mbps 5.4Mbps 7.2Mbps 10.8Mbps

HSDPA can provide data rate per user up to 10.8Mbps (16QAM, 3/4) by AMC and multiple codes technology In the situation of high speed, HSDPA requires high channel condition

UE Categories
HS-DSCH Category Category 1 Category 2 HS-PDSCH Max Number 5 5 Inter-TTI Min Interval 3 3 Modulation QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK & 16-QAM Max Peak Rate 1.2 Mbps 1.2 Mbps

Category 3
Category 4 Category 5 Category 6 Category 7 Category 8 Category 9 Category 10 Category 11 Category 12

5
5 5 5 10 10 15 15 5 5

2
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1

QPSK & 16-QAM

QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK only QPSK only

1.8 Mbps
1.8 Mbps 3.6 Mbps 3.6 Mbps 7.3 Mbps 7.3 Mbps 10.2 Mbps 14.4 Mbps 0.9 Mbps 1.8 Mbps

QPSK mandatory for HSDPA capable UE

16-QAM optional

UE Capabilities and Max Bit Rates

Category 6 UE CQI Mapping Table
CQI Value 0 1 2 3 1 1 1 HS-PDSCH Number RLC Throughput out of range 0 kbps 0 kbps 0 kbps QPSK QPSK QPSK Modulation
Soft CQI vs C/I - Pedestrian_a 1 RX 25

4
5 6 7 8 9

1
1 1 2 2 2

0 kbps
144 kbps 144 kbps 144 kbps 288 kbps 288 kbps

QPSK
QPSK
softCQI

20

QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK

15

10
11 12 13 14 15 16

3
3 3 4 4 5 5

432 kbps
576 kbps 720 kbps 864 kbps 1008 kbps 1296 kbps 1440 kbps

QPSK
QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK 16-QAM
10 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 C/I (dB) 2 4 6 8 10

...
29 30

...
5 5

...
3024 kbps 3024 kbps

...
16-QAM 16-QAM

Target BLER 10%

HARQ Technology
Advantage: improve transferring reliability Disadvantage: lower utilization in bad channel state Advantage: good performance in lower Bit Error Rate (BER) Disadvantage: bad performance in high BER Send
Packet A

F E C A R Q

H A R Q

Combine FEC and ARQ, each sending packet includes error detection bit and error correction bit

Receive
Discard

Send
Packet A

Receive
Reserve

Resend whole packet

Error packet A

Resent data
Error packet A Packet A missing data

Packet A

Lower efficiency Longer time delay

Packet A

Higher efficiency Shorter time delay

Packet A missing data

Packet B HARQ phase I Resending is in RNCR99

Packet B HARQ phase II, III Resending is in Node B, HSDPA

Soft combination

Multiple HARQ Processes

UE Category HARQ Processes

Category 1

2
2 3 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 6

HSDSCH

Soft Bits Combining

Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5

Retransmission Management

Soft Bits Combining

Category 6 Category 7 Category 8 Category 9 Category 10

HARQ
HARQ HARQ HARQ HARQ HARQ HARQ HARQ

Soft Bits Combining

Category 11 Category 12

Stop And Wait Principles

HARQ
Wait for Transmission
UE is Scheduled

TB

HARQ
HARQ

Update RV Parameters

TB

Transmit Data HSDSCH Wait for ACK/NACK Reception Insert DTX Indication

ACK

ACK/NACK/DTX?
NACK

DTX

Reset & Free HARQ Process

ACK/NACK

Nret = Nret + 1

YES

Nret > Nret_max

NO

HARQ Types
HARQ Blocks Decoding
New Block NO

Deliver to Upper Layer

Combine
RVBlocks

Error?
YES

Update RV Database

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

Chase Combining

NACK

NACK

NACK

NACK

ACK

DATA

DATA1

DATA2

DATA3

DATA4

Incremental Redundancy Combining

NACK

NACK

NACK

NACK

ACK

Constellation Rearrangement (16QAM)

Q 1011 1001 0001 0011 1110 0110 Q 0100 1100

1010

1000

0000

0010 I

1010

0010

0000

1000 I

b=0
1110 1100 0100 0110

b=1

1011

0011

0001

1001

1111

1101

0101

0111

1111

0111

0101

1101

Q 1000 1010 0010 0000 0010 1010

Q 1000 0000

1001

1011

0011

0001 I

0110

1110

1100

0100 I

b=2
1101 1111 0111 0101

b=3

0111

1111

1101

0101

1100

1110

0110

0100

0011

1011

1001

0001

Quick Scheduling
HS-PDSCH UE A
TTI1 TTI2 TTI2 TTI3 TTI3

UE B

TTI1

TTI2 TTI3

Node B

UE C

Diagram based on time and code channel scheduling

TTI 1
5 codes

TTI 2

TTI 3

TTI 4

Scheduling principle:

Fair scheduling algorithm Round Robin (RR) Maximum C/I scheduling algorithm (Max C/I) Proportional fair algorithm (PF)

CDM

TDM

Quick Scheduling
HS-DPCCH (ACK/NACK and CQI) 1 TS = 2560 Chip

Quick channel feedback

HSDPA channel feedback time delay is about 8.5 TS
HS-SCCH

HS-SCCH

HS-PDSCH

2 TS

7.5 TS +/- 128 Chip

N TS

Standard R99 HSDPA

TTI Channel feedback (ms) time delay (ms) 10 2 100 (at least) 5.67

Remark

Supports continuous feedback, R5 also supports 10ms TTI

With quick channel feedback, HSDPA can suitably adjust coding rate, codes, modulation, etc. in time according to the channel state

Quick Scheduling
Scheduling policy

Time fairness

Every user get equal service time, but the traffic maybe not equal, the fairest algorithm but has the lowest traffic

Traffic fairness

Every user get the same traffic, but the time maybe not equal, has the lower utility of system resource because it will schedule the UE with bad channel state
Only the user in best channel state (biggest C/I) will get the service priority in each turn, the biggest traffic but has the worst fairness

Max-C/I

Proportional fairness

Weighted compromise of above algorithms and has bigger system traffic and better service fairness

Advantage of HSDPA
Comparing item System capacity (Mbps) Spectrum efficiency (Kbit/(MHz*Cell)) R99/R4 2.668 537.6 Inter-frequency hard HO Intra-frequency soft HO Intra-frequency softer HO Inter-system HO (GSM) Open loop, Close loop (Inner loop, Outer loop) PC, Quick, Slow PC QPSK Quick PC and soft HO N/A HSDPA 14.4 2795.2

System handover

Only hard handover

Power control Modulation Link adaptive technology MAC-hs

HS-PDSCH adopts slow PC or even no power control QPSK, 16QAM AMC, HARQ, Short TTI and Quick channel feedback For faster scheduling

HSDPA
Provides various speed with stable power (stable power, adjustable speed)

R99/R4
Adjust power to guarantee service speed (stable speed, adjustable power)