NATURAL METHOD

and
ARTIFICIAL MEHTHOD
JOSEPHINE C. TAGALOG
BSN 501/GROUP 2
 ♥ABSTINENCE
• The act of not having sex, which
can range from no sexual contact
to everything but intercourse.
• Abstinence is the only 100
percent guarantee of protection
against pregnancy!
 ♥CALENDAR (RHYTHM)
METHOD
• The calendar method requires a
couple to abstain from coitus on the
days of a menstrual cycle when the
woman is most likely to conceive (3 or
4 days before until 3 or 4 days after
ovulation).
 SEPTEMBER
SUN M T W TH F SAT

1☺ 2☺ 3☺ 4☺ 5☺
6☺ 7☼ 8☼ 9☼ 10 ☼ 11 ☼ 12 ☼
13 ☼ 14 ☼ 15 ♥ 16 ☼ 17 ☼ 18 ☼ 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 ☺ 30 ☺

☺= MENSTRUAL FLOW
☼=DAY OF OVULATION
♥ =DAYS OF ABSTINENCE
 CALENDAR cont…
To calculate ‘’safe’’ days, she subtracts 18
from the shortest cycle documented. The number
represents her first fertile day. She subtracts 11
from her longest cycle. This represents her last
fertile day. If she had six menstrual cycles
ranging from 25 to 29 days, her fertile period
would be from the 7th day (25 minus 18) to the
18th day (29 minus 1) to avoid pregnancy; she
would avoid coitus or use a contraceptive such
as vaginal foam during those days.
 ♥BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE
METHOD
• Just before the day of ovulation, a woman’s
basal body temperature (BBT) falls about 0.5%.
At the time of ovulation, her BBT rises a full
degree because of the influence of
progesterone. This higher level is then
maintained for the rest of her menstrual cycle.
This pattern is the basis of the BBT method of
contraception.The problem with this method is
that many factor s can affect BBT.
• Ex. A temperature rise cause by illness could be mistaken as the signal of
ovulation. If this happens, a woman could mistake as the signal of ovulation.
If this happens.
 ♥CERVICAL MUCUS BILING
METHOD
• This method predicts ovulation is to
use the changes in cervical mucus that
occur naturally with ovulation. Before
ovulation each month, the cervical mucus
is thick and does not stretch when pulled
between the thumb and finger.
 BASAL cont…

• With ovulation (the peak day), cervical

mucus becomes copious, thin, watery, and
transparent. It feels slippery and stretches
at least 1 inch before the distand breaks, a
proper known as spinnbarkeit. All the days
on which the mucus is copious, or at least
3 days after the peak day, are considered
to be fertile days, or days on which the
woman should abstain from sex to avoid
conception.
 SEPTEMBER
SUN M T W TH F SAT

1☺ 2☺ 3☺ 4☺ 5☺
6☺ 7 8 9 10 11 12 ☼
13 ☼ 14 ☼ 15 ♥ 16 ☼ 17 ☼ 18 ☼ 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 ☺ 30 ☺

☺= MENSTRUAL FLOW
♥ =PEAK MUCUS DAY
☼ =DAYS OF ABSTINENCE
 ♥OVULATION AWARENESS
• It is to predict ovulation is the use of an OTC
ovulation detection kit. These kits detect the
midcycle surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) that
can be detected in urine 12 to 24 hours before
ovulation.
• Such kits are 98 % to 100% accurate in
predicting ovulation. Although they are fairly
expensive, use of such a kit in place of cervical
mucus testing makes this form of natural family
planning more attractive to many women.
 ♥LACTATION AMENORRHEA
METHOD
• As long as woman is breast feeding an infant,
there is some natural suppression of ovulation.
However, if the infant receiving a supplemental
feeding, the use of lactation as effective birth
control method is questionable.
• Because women may ovulate but not
menstruate while breast feeding, the woman
may be still fertile even if she has not had a
period since childbirth. As a rule of thumb, after
6 months of breast feeding, the woman should
be advised to choose another method of
contraception.
 ♥COITUS INTERRUPTION
• Also known as withdrawal or the pull out
method, is a method of contraception in which,
during sexual intercourse, the penis is removed
from the vagina prior to ejaculation, primarily to
avoid introducing semen into the vagina.
• Coitus interruptus may also more generally
refer to any extraction of the penis prior to
ejaculation during intercourse. This method has
been widely used for at least 2,000 years and
was used by an estimated 38 million couples
worldwide in 1991
ARTIFICIAL
MEHTHOD
 ♠SPERMACIDE
• A barrier method of birth control
containing a sperm-killing product.
Spermicides are available in foam,
cream, jelly, film, suppository or tablet
form.
• Foam: prevents pregnancy by bubbling
within the vagina, blocking the entrance
to the uterus and killing sperm.
• Cream, Film, Jelly and Suppositories:
prevent pregnancy by melting in the
vagina, blocking the entrance to the
uterus and killing sperm.
• Use
The spermicide products are inserted deep into the vagina before
intercourse.
 ♠VAGINAL RING
• The ring is a removable, very effective form
of birth control, although it does not prevent
sexually transmitted infections (STI’s). The small
and bendable ring is inserted into the vagina
every month, and then left there for three weeks.
After three weeks it is removed for one week
and then your period occurs.

Studies have shown that fewer than 1 out of 100 women

who use the ring become pregnant with consistent and correct
use.
 ♠DIAPHRAGMS
• Devices block the entry of
sperm to the uterus. Users
need to be fitted by a doctor
or nurse and taught insertion
and removal. Reliability is
good when used with a
spermicides and left in place
for about eight hours after
intercourse.
 ♠CERVICAL CAPS
• Caps are made of soft rubber,
are shaped like a thimble, and fit
snugly over the uterine cervix. The
cervical cap acts by blocking the
entrance to the uterus; the
spermicides acts by killing and
immobilizing the sperm, preventing
it from fertilizing the egg. The
cervical cap must be left in place for
at least six hours after last
intercourse before removing.
Cervical caps, like diaphragms, must be fitted individually by a health care provider.
The advantage
~Unlike the diaphragm, the cervical
cap protects against pregnancy for two
days (48 hours) and for multiple acts of
intercourse within that timeframe.

~When placed appropriately, the

cervical cap is often not felt by either
partner during sexual intercourse.
 The disadvantage
~The cervical cap is more difficult for women to learn
to insert and remove than the diaphragm.

~If worn for more than two days (48 hours) you run
the risk of:

-Toxic shock syndrome.

-Unpleasant vaginal odor.
-Unpleasant vaginal discharge.

~Mild allergic reactions to the rubber or spermicidal

occasionally occur.
They are contraindicated in women with ant
of the following conditions:

1. an abnormally short or long cervix

2. a previous abnormal Pap smear
3. a history of TSS (infection in Vagina)
4. an allergy to latex or spermicides
5. a history of PID, cervicitis, or papolllomavirus
infection
6. a history of cervical cancer
undiagnosed vaginal bleeding
 ♠FEMALE CONDOM
• One of the newer barrier
methods uses a tube of
polyurethane plastic held in
place by flexible rings to line
the vagina. It is bulkier than the
male condom but does not
require spermicidal and can be
inserted any time before
intercourse. Reliability is as
good as for the male condom.
 ♠MALE CONDOM
• Latex rubber condoms are
simple, safe and effective,
particularly if used with
spermicide. They also offer the
best protection against
sexually transmitted diseases.
Men may find sensation is
reduced, and some couples
feel condoms interfere with
spontaneity.
 ♠ORAL CONTRACEPTION
• Oral contraceptives contain female sex
hormones in doses that present ovulation.
Taken regularly, they provide outstanding
protection, but there are long and short-
term side effects and users need regular
medical checkups. Various types are
available to meet individual needs.
 ♠ORAL cont…
• Side effects:
• nausea
• weight gain
• headache
• breast tenderness
• breakthrough bleeding
Discontinuing use:

She may not be able to become

pregnant 1-2 months and possibly 6 to
8 months, because the pituitary gland
requires a recovery period begin cyclic
gonadotropin stimulation again.
 ORAL cont…
• Continous or Extended Regimen
Pills:

Can extend program pills (91

regimen, or 84 days of pills
followed by 7 days of placebo).
Although some women experience
breakthrough bleeding, such
regimens limit menstrual periods to
only four times a year and provide
effective birth control
ESTROGEN/ PROSTERONE
PATCH

POST COITAL
CONTRACEPTION